Folk festive costume. Lesson summary in art (fgos) - "Russian folk women's costume" (grade 5) Folk festive costume from 5

Outline of the lesson "People's party costume"Grade 5

Goals:

* contribute to the development of national identity of students,

* to form respect for Russian culture,

* develop patriotism.

Tasks:

Educational:

* To acquaint students with the Russian festive costume.

* To form an understanding of the connection between people's ideas about the structure of the world and the figurative structure of clothing.

* To consolidate the skills of working with a decorative composition.

Educational:

* Develop an aesthetic perception of the world.

* Promote the perception of respect for the traditions of the Russian people.

Developing:

* Develop mental cognitive processes (perception, attention, memory, visual-figurative and logical thinking, speech).

I. Updating knowledge.

Teacher: - Children! Do you like to wear nice clothes?

The class includes a student dressed in a Russian folk costume.

Teacher: - The costume of which people are represented on our assistant?

Teacher: Your great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers also sported in national dress. The life of the peasants was inextricably linked with nature, the cultivation of the land and the corresponding labor cycles. The holiday either completed some stage of the difficult peasant life, or preceded the next an important milestone... We were waiting for the holidays, we were preparing for them. And so in Russia there was a whole complex of wonderful holidays and wonderful folk traditions that have survived to this day. Let's now remember what folk, Christian, holidays do you know? (List of traditional holidays)

II. Formation of new knowledge.

"They meet by their clothes ..."

This well-known proverb has come to us from the depths of centuries. A thousand years ago, our ancestors only had to look at clothes once. a stranger, in order to understand what locality he is from, what kind of tribe he belongs to, what his social status and "civil status" is - whether he was an adult or not, whether he was married, and so on.

Such " business card”Allowed to immediately decide how to behave with a stranger and what to expect from him. Let us note, by the way, that a person who, without extreme necessity, changed into clothes that did not correspond to his dignity and gender, faced condemnation, if not punishment, at best.

The clothes of each region (province) of Russia had its own ornaments, favorite colors, finishes, shapes and styles. In the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Novgorod, Kostroma, Yaroslavl regions, combinations of a white base with a red pattern were common.

Due to the climatic and cultural differences of the regions of Russia National dress the Russians did not develop in uniform forms. The archaic South Russian ponyovy complex (with a skirt of three panels - ponyovy), the later North Russian complex with a sundress and the Central Russian mixed complex, as well as the “couple” complex (with a skirt and jacket) and an ensemble of one-piece dress... Belts were a necessary element of men's and women's suits in all of the above sets.

Besides the most common features separating the forms of northern and southern Russian costumes, individual features characterize the costume of each province, district and even village. Folk clothing varied in purpose (everyday, festive, wedding, mourning), age, marital status. Today a computer presentation will help us to see all the beauty of the festive Russian costume.

Let's repeat now, what details of old Russian clothing do you know? (View slides, student responses.)

Most often, the marks of distinction were not the cut and type of clothing, but its color, the amount of decor (embroidered and woven patterns), the use of silk, gold and silver threads.

Festive clothing was very colorful, always decorated with elements of embroidery, stripes of trim, beads, cords, sequins and other details that, as a rule, were not found in everyday clothes. The most elegant were the clothes made of red fabric. The concepts of “red” and “beautiful” were unambiguous in the popular mind.

Let's now see an excerpt from the wonderful film "Frost". Pay attention only to the clothes of the heroes, but also to the hats. (View H.F.)

After Peter's decrees, Russian noble and city costumes were Europeanized. Aesthetic ideas about human beauty have also changed. The Russian peasantry remained the guardian of the national ideal and costume. Trapezoidal or straight monumental silhouette, main types of cut, picturesque decorative and color scheme.

Hats Ancient Rus existed in the peasant environment until the 18th - 19th centuries.

The main fabrics used for folk peasant clothing were homespun canvas and plain plain weave wool, and from the middle of the 19th century. - factory silk, satin, brocade with an ornament of lush flower garlands and bouquets, red calico, chintz, satin, colored cashmere.

The main methods of ornamentation of home textiles were patterned weaving, embroidery, and printed cloth. Striped and checkered patterns are varied in shape and color. The technique of folk patterned weaving, as well as embroidery according to the count of threads, determined rectilinear, geometric contours, the absence of rounded outlines in the pattern.

Tell me what are the most common elements of the amulet ornament you know and what do they mean? (rhombuses, oblique crosses, octagonal stars, rosettes, Christmas trees, bushes, stylized figures of a woman, bird, horse, deer).

The patterns, woven and embroidered, were made in linen, hemp, silk and woolen threads, colored with vegetable dyes, giving muted shades. The range of colors is multicolored: white, red, blue, black, brown, yellow, green. Multicolor was solved, most often, on the basis of white, red and blue (or black) colors.

From the middle of the XIX century. homespun fabrics are being replaced by factory fabrics with printed floral, checkered, striped patterns. We find folk costumes with crimson roses and bright green leaves on a black or red background in the paintings of Malyavin, Arkhipov, Kustodiev, reflecting the vivid national identity of the Russian folk life of that time. (View reproductions on slides)

Various decorations played an important role in the costume. V a large number necklaces made of pearls and beads, colored wool, gaitans - cut from beads, to which were hung crosses, images, amber beads, blown glass beads, ribbons were put on around the neck. Large earrings and pendants were in great love, sometimes they reached the shoulders. Colored belts, narrow braided belts and wide rainbow woven sashes complemented and adorned the costume, completing the whole ensemble.

For many peoples, ancient festive clothes had a three-tiered system of decorations.

Headdresses and the upper part of the costume are associated with the image of the sky, therefore the compositions of the patterns are based on the appeal to the sun, stars, birds, which connect the sky and the earth. The ribbons coming down from the hats symbolize rain. The patterns and embroidery are dominated by the image of a fertile land.

We wear caps, berets, hats on our heads. And in ancient times, women wore kokoshniks, magpies, covering them with scarves on top. These hats consisted of 2-5 elements and sometimes weighed several kilograms.

Headdresses were divided into girls and women, or "women". The girls, according to custom, braided their hair in one braid, leaving the crown of the head open. Therefore, their headdress is all kinds of crowns, headbands, hoops, which were decorated with river pearls and beads. The "bandage", or, as it was often called, "beauty", "volyushka", in each village had its own form and ornament. It is based on a strip of fabric, often of finely patterned chintz, with a hard forehead made of canvas (paper) quilted in several layers, decorated with braid or embroidery, with strong ties at the ends. It covers the head in the form of a hoop or bandage.

The girl's headdress was complemented by "cannons" - balls of white goose or swan down, as well as "curls" - bright Drake feathers. In ancient times, Slavic girls walked with their hair down. Later, this custom was preserved only in wedding ceremonies.

The basis of all Russian women's headdresses, despite their diversity, was a hard forehead part, depending on the shape (flat, spatulate, with horns) called a kichka or horned kichka.

Women have always paid special attention to the hats of the most conspicuous part of any costume. Headdresses were extremely varied, but they were always clearly divided into girls' headdresses and those of married women.

According to the ancient custom, a married woman had to carefully cover her hair from prying eyes. It was impossible to leave the house with a bare head, to do household chores.

But young girls were not forbidden to show their hair: "A girl's braid is a beauty to the whole world." Hence the differences: girls have light air bracelets, koruns, crowns, kokoshniks, ribbons, hoops, and women have deaf magpies, kicks, warriors, scarves. (Demonstration of models from the collection of the school museum)

Over the course of several centuries, the tradition of creating and wearing those forms of clothing that were most functional and adapted both to climatic conditions and to convey certain information about their owners was developing. For Russia as a whole, 2 types of women's costume set are characteristic: the North Russian, which is based on a shirt and a long sundress, and the South Russian, the second component of which is a short and voluminous poneva.

The festive shirt was decorated with embroidery, which protected the woman from the evil eye. The collar, mantle, chest, hem were especially decorated.

It was believed that the richer the shirt is decorated. The happier is its owner. Touching the ground with the hem of her shirt, a woman received vitality, and embroidery with symbols of fertility gave the earth fertile strength.

The hem of the shirt or skirt was decorated with ornaments symbolizing the sown arable land. These are triangles, rhombuses, rectangles with dots. The ends of the braided belts were decorated with the heads of lizards, which symbolized the underwater world.

Teacher: What forms of ornament do you know? Where are they used?

Students' answers:

Ornaments are classified into three forms: closed, ribbon and mesh.

A closed ornament is a pattern, the decorative elements of which are grouped so that they create a closed movement. This ornament is used to decorate tablecloths, napkins, plates, windows and other frames.

A ribbon ornament is a pattern, the decorative elements of which create a rhythmic row with an open two-way movement that fits into the ribbon. The ribbon ornament is widely used in decorating clothes in the form of an embroidered collar, sleeve edges, belt, headbands.

A mesh ornament is a pattern in the form of cells that are filled with decorative elements. Woven things were decorated with such an ornament.

Teacher: What colors prevailed in folk ornament and what is their meaning?

Pupils' answers: White, red, black, yellow prevailed in embroidery, brown... Sometimes delicate blue and natural green.

White color in folk ideas was associated with light, purity and personified the feminine principle.

Red was the color of the sun, fire, life, beauty and personified the masculine principle. the theme of Russian clothing has another important meaning.

Clothes are a visiting card.

Almost every woman was obliged to sew clothes for herself and her family herself. Accordingly - the more successfully the costume turned out, the more ornaments, decorations, etc. on it - the better and more diligently the hostess was considered. In addition, the basis of the Slavic worldview is the ability to harmonize the space around oneself. That is - harmony in the family, order in the yard and at home. This harmony can be achieved only under the condition of inner harmony. If a person has balanced and harmonized his energies, he will easily do this with the space around him. Accordingly, if a woman is in harmony with herself, the result of her actions (in this case, sewing and decorating clothes) will be harmonious and attractive. Conclusion - if a person comes to you in a torn shirt with protruding threads and slanting sleeves - this is a reflection of the atmosphere in his family, and accordingly in his soul. Nothing good can be expected from this person, whatever he touches - it will turn out just like his shirt.

It is also important. Only WOMEN were engaged in needlework. This is another confirmation that the ancestors understood that the atmosphere in the family depended only on women.

III. Consolidation of knowledge.

Game "Tuyesok" for recognizing the element of the costume you like. The assistant holds a wicker basket with notes on which the name of the elements is written folk costume... Students who want to take turns tear off and take out the leaves and show the named parts of the costume on the assistant.

IV. Practical work.

Assignment: to sketch a folk and festive costume (winter or summer), to discuss in advance the size of the figures.

Performance practical work accompanied by the sound of music (Russian folk).

Materials: paper, gouache, watercolor, brushes (large and small)

Visuals: illustrations depicting a folk costume, computer presentation, a student in Russian clothes, headdresses from the museum.

Musical range: Russian melodies, folk round dance music and songs.

Teacher: guys, you and I must remember that the peasantry in Russia is the keeper of aesthetic ideas and traditions in folk costume

V. Analysis of works. Summing up the lesson.

At the end of the 2-hour lesson, there is an exhibition and discussion of children's works, during which shortcomings and the most successful moments and works of children are revealed. The best sketches for the school exhibition are selected by the method of general decision.

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GBOU NAO " secondary school village Haruta "

Abstract of a fine arts lesson in grade 5

"Folk festive costume"

fine arts and drafting teachers

Taleeva Marina Valentinovna

Haruta village, 2015

Lesson type: combined

Kind of activity: individual

The intended result is:

Artistic and creative:

creation of a collective creative composition "Russian round dance";

Metasubject: (UUD)

cognitive actions - the ability to build an artistic image;

regulatory actions - the ability of students to determine the purpose of their work, to identify the stages of work, to find the appropriate means and tools, to carry out stage-by-stage control and assessment of their actions;

communicative actions - the student's ability to cooperate, the ability to understand the intentions and interests of people interacting with him.

Personal:

a sense of pride in the culture and art of the Motherland, its people;

understanding of the special role of culture and art in the life of society and each individual person;

the ability to form aesthetic feelings, artistic and creative thinking and fantasy;

the ability to cooperate with friends in the process joint activities under the guidance of a teacher;

the ability to discuss and analyze one's own artistic activity and the work of classmates from the standpoint of the creative tasks of a given topic.

Targets and goals:

To acquaint students with the figurative structure of the Russian folk costume, the concept of "ensemble", the meaning of color in clothes, the symbols of ornament and color.

To educate national identity for Russian folk art.

To form the skills and abilities of students when using various types of technology in work.

To develop aesthetic and artistic taste, creative activity and thinking of students, to activate independent creative search in solving artistic problems.

Musical row: Russian folk songs

Materials for students: Glue, scissors, fabrics, braid, beads, thread, needle.

Materials and equipment for the teacher:

PC, multimedia, screen

Presentation "Treasures from an old chest"

Handout - Human Shape Template.

Reproductions of paintings by Russian artists - I.P. Argunov "Portrait of an unknown peasant woman in a Russian costume", K.E. Makovsky "Girl in a kokoshnik", A.P. Ryabushkin "Wedding train in Moscow", "Russian women of the 17th century in the church" , "Sunday Day", V. Vasnetsov "Snow Maiden"

During the classes:

artistic task.

Lesson summary:

Lesson stage		Slide number
1. Organizational stage. Leading up to the purpose of the lesson. Objective: the inclusion of students in activities at a personally meaningful level.	Report of the class attendant, checking the readiness of students for the lesson, greeting.
2. Stage "Statement of the goal and objectives of the lesson." Motivation to study the topic. Students' choice of the task they would like to achieve by the end of the lesson. Mastering new material. Objective: to get acquainted with the traditional Russian costume, its meaning, decoration.	"The red maiden is walking, Like a pavushka is floating She's wearing a blue dress Scarlet ribbon in a braid, There is a feather on the head " What image does this song refer to? (This song talks about a Russian girl.) Can we say the same about modern woman? Why? (He compares her to a “pavushka” who is dressed in a beautiful Russian costume, on her head a crown or kokoshnik, decorated with pearls and pendants. She acted as a hostess, holding her head high, her back straight, “like a pava”, “swam like a swan”, a young girl always put up a braid for display: “a braid is a maiden beauty” they used to say in the old days) The image of a woman has long been revered in Russian folk art, folklore, and often it cannot be separated from the image of a bird - the most ancient symbol of goodness and well-being. "Swan", "Pava", "Utyushka", "Dove" are epithets that have long been called in folk poetry, emphasizing the plastic side of the image of the Russian beauty. It turns out that the appearance of a person, his costume plays an important role in everyone's life. It is no coincidence that they have long said: "They meet according to their clothes, they see them off according to their minds." What are we going to talk about today? What to do in the lesson? Today, in the lesson, we will take a trip into the past, get acquainted with the traditional Russian costume, learn how to create a sketch-image of a Russian women's clothing... What is needed for this? Let's outline our lesson. Get to know the history of the costume Learn the rules of decorating Do creative work Rate your work So, we will go to the distant past times - to the vastness of our vast Motherland, to the village with the smell of freshly taken from the oven fragrant bread, with the aroma of mown juicy grass. Plunge into the life of the simplest Russian people. What can you say about the life of a Russian family? What kind of life was it? Children's answers. That's right, indeed, the Russian family had a hard life in the past centuries. In spring and summer, hard work in the field. In the fall, they gathered crops and made preparations for the winter. Work began with the first rays of the sun, and ended when it was already completely dark. And when did the peasants rest? (When the holiday came, it was joyful and desirable for the peasants.) The holiday was expected and prepared for it. How did you prepare for the holidays? ( Everyone was wearing their best, holiday clothes. They sewed it themselves, and everyone wanted to show their outfits, their skills) They took great care of any clothing, because it was obtained with great difficulty, and each thing had to serve for many years, often passed down from generation to generation by inheritance. We kept such outfits in a special box with a lid - a chest. The usual idea of a Russian woman's costume is usually associated with a shirt, a sundress, a belt, and sometimes an apron. In the north, sundresses were often supplemented with open-cut bib clothes - epanechka, and in cold weather a long-sleeved soul warmer was worn on a sundress. Both in the north and in the south, the shirt was sewn from homespun canvas, generously decorating it with embroidery, patterned weaving, compositions of braid, galloon, and sequins. In the southern regions of Russia, another type of clothing was widespread, consisting of a shirt, poneva (skirt), an apron, a headdress - a cap (magpie). This clothing was, in contrast to the sundress, only peasant. Poneva was sewn from woolen checkered homespun material. It was decorated with embroidery, lace stripes, ribbons, beadwork.
	And the headdress completed the costume of the Russian woman. Special attention was paid to him. By the headdress it was possible to find out from which locality its owner, to which age group she belongs. Girls everywhere could leave their hair uncovered, a headband was enough. They also wore "dressing", kokoshniks. A married woman had to hide her hair, so the hats were covered, for example, "warrior". Look how beautiful they were different forms in the works of the Russian artist Konstantin Makovsky! Consider on the slides the clothes of different provinces, as well as paintings by Russian artists, which depict women in folk costumes.
3. Stage "Knowledge update". Answers on questions. Task: repetition of the studied material necessary for the "discovery of new knowledge", identification of difficulties in the individual practical activity of each student.	What is an ornament? Why was the ornament embroidered? What symbols were used in ornaments? The ornament could be floral, geometric, zoomorphic or mixed. It was believed that the ornament, along with the red color, has a protective effect, and therefore it was placed in those places where the clothes ended. At the same time, by surrounding the hand with symbols, the person wanted to increase its strength and dexterity. Dressed in her traditional costume The peasant woman was, as it were, a model of the Universe: the lower earth tier of clothing is covered with symbols of earth, seeds, vegetation, at the upper edge of clothing we see birds and the personification of rain, and at the very top, all this is crowned with clear and indisputable symbols of the sky: the sun, stars, birds. While singing songs, the girls spun, weaved, prepared a dowry for themselves, they walked around the village singing on warm summer evenings, they intended their best outfits for round dances and festivities - this is how an inextricable link between a costume and a song arose and made them akin to the originality of rhythms and harmonic combinations. And of course the theme of the costume found its reflection in folk crafts: clay toys, matryoshka dolls. And in folk music.
4. Stage "Preventive". Physical minute. Task: carrying out warm-up exercises for the prevention of hypodynamia.	We're kicking top-top We clap-clap with our hands And then jump-jump And one more time. And then squat down, And then squat down, And then squat down, And again - in order. We will run along the path One two Three! And clap your hands One two Three! And shake our heads One two Three! Everybody dance with us One two Three!
5. Stage "Initial check of understanding and consolidation of skills." Staging artistic task. Task: the choice of ornament and color solutions for creating a folk costume in the material.	Based on what we saw about the costume, we will apply the costume. You can use the drawing of a human figure. Build the general shape of the costume, and then outline the places of decoration and ornamentation. Determine the color and character, the type of headdress. To help you, the chalkboard shows the sequence of the application. Read it. Safety precautions when working with scissors and a needle.
6. Stage "Application of the mastered in practice" Task: practical implementation of the task, independent creative work students.	Getting started ( music sounds quietly) The teacher makes targeted walks: control of the organization of the workplace control of the correctness of the work methods helping students with difficulties control of the volume and quality of the work performed.
7. Stage "Information about homework, briefing on its implementation " Objective: search work in the visual comparison of various folk costumes.	Tutorial, page 50-59, task 3
8. Stage “Reflection (summing up the results of the lesson). Evaluation of results. Objective: to include students in activities at the analytical level.	Reflection: it was interesting to me… I was surprised ... it was difficult for me ... I wanted… Pupils go to the blackboard with their work. Looking at the wonderful costumes, we can truly say: "WONDERFUL, WONDERFUL, WONDERFUL."

Literature:

1.Andreeva A.Yu. Russian folk costume. Travel from north to south. - SPb .: "Parity", 2005

2.Goryaeva N.A., Ostrovskaya O.V. Decorative and applied art in human life, a textbook on fine arts, grade 5 / - M .: Education 2012.

http://www.google.ru

Objectives: To acquaint students with Russian folk costume, the concept of "ensemble", the meaning of color in clothes. To form the skills and abilities of students when using various types of technology in work. Continue the development of the aesthetic and artistic taste, creativity and thinking of students. To instill an interest in Russian folk art.

LESSON PLAN Conversation about folk costume. The connection between the composition of the costume and folk architecture and ornamentation in folk art. Listening to musical excerpts, folklore works. Statement of the artistic task: the choice of composition and technique. Execution of a small sketch in which the student determines the color and main character of the costume. Start of work on the final version. Completion of the sketch. Exhibition and discussion of works.

Russian women's costume The familiar idea of a Russian women's costume is usually associated with a shirt, a sundress, a belt, and sometimes an apron. In the north, sundresses were often supplemented with open-cut bib clothing - epanechka, and in cold weather a long-sleeved soul warmer was worn on a sundress.

Russian shirt Both in the north and in the south, the shirt was sewn from homespun canvas, generously decorating it with embroidery, patterned weaving, compositions of braid, braid, and sequins. The combination of white and red - distinctive feature both embroidery and Russian folk clothes generally.

In the southern regions of Russia, another type of clothing was widespread, consisting of a shirt, a poneva (skirt), an apron, a headdress - a cap (magpie). This clothing was, in contrast to the sundress, only peasant. Poneva was sewn from woolen checkered homespun material. It was decorated with embroidery, lace strips, ribbons, beadwork. On the men's shirts on the left side, a rhombus was embroidered in place of the heart. Poneva consists of three panels with an ornament along the seams. The color of the poneva was black, brown, blue in a cage. The main color of the seed ensemble is red.

Class: 5

Lesson presentation

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Goals:

Educational:

To acquaint students with the peculiarities of the Russian folk festive costume.

Developing:

Development of skills for creating an artistic image in decorative composition.
To form the skills and abilities of students using various types of technology.

Educational:

To foster love and interest in traditional Russian culture, homeland and its history.
To foster respect for the artistic creativity of the Russian people.

Equipment and materials:

Tables depicting Russian folk costume.
Patterns of womens and male figures.
Drawings of the guys on this topic.
Reproductions of historical paintings by Russian artists (I.P. Argunov "Portrait of an unknown peasant woman in a Russian costume", K.E. Makovsky "Russian beauty in a kokoshnik", A.P. Ryabushkin "Moscow girl of the 17th century")
A set of art materials.
Fabric, braids, beads, sequins, glue, applique scissors.

Lesson plan:

Organizing time... Checking readiness for the lesson.
Conversation about folk costume. Acquaintance with the peculiarities of the festive folk costume.
Statement of the artistic task.
Applique making, based on a sketch made with paints.
Summing up, analysis of works.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment. Checking readiness for the lesson.

II. Formation of new knowledge. Acquaintance with the peculiarities of the festive folk costume.

The first splash screen of the presentation appears on the screen.

Dear Guys! Today in the lesson we will talk about "Folk festive clothing", its features.

The Russian national costume has been used from ancient times to the present day. It has noticeable features depending on the specific region, purpose (festive, wedding and everyday) and age (children, girls, married women, old women).

Despite the general similarity in cut and decoration techniques, the Russian costume had its own characteristics. In the north of Russia, the peasants wore clothes that were significantly different from the peasants of the southern regions. A distinctive feature of the Russian national costume is a large number of outerwear. Cloak and swing clothes. Cloak clothes were worn over the head, swing ones had a slit from top to bottom and were fastened end-to-end with hooks or buttons.

The costumes of the nobility were made of expensive fabrics, using gold, silver, pearls, and expensive buttons. Such clothes were inherited. The style of clothing has not changed for centuries. The concept of fashion did not exist.

The Russian national costume became less common after Peter I in 1699 banned the wearing of folk costumes for everyone except peasants, monks, and priests.

Clothes in Russia were loose, long and unusually beautiful. The most elegant clothes were considered to be made of red fabric.

The usual idea of a Russian female northern costume is usually associated with a shirt, a sundress, a belt, and sometimes an apron. In the north, sundresses were often supplemented with open-topped breast clothes - Epanechka, and in cold weather, a long-sleeved Dushegreya was worn on a sundress.

Russian shirt- in Russia, it was customary to trim shirts with embroidery in the most “vulnerable” places for evil forces - at the collar, along the edges of the sleeves, on the shoulders, and especially along the hem. Embroidery served as a talisman; it was dominated by solar symbols, as well as images of birds, especially roosters, which were traditionally considered guardians who drive away evil spirits.
Swing sundress- worn over a shirt, decorated in front with a patterned stripe, braid, silver lace, patterned buttons.
Kokoshnik- the most common type of festive headdress - a kind of dense hard hat, decorated with river pearls, gold and silver threads.
Epanechka- swinging hearth.
Shugai- Soul warmer with long sleeves.

In the southern regions of Russia, another type of clothing was widespread, consisting of a shirt, poneva (skirt), an apron, a headdress - a cap (magpie).

This clothing was, in contrast to the sundress, only peasant.

Poneva- sewn from woolen check homespun material. It was decorated with embroidery, lace strips, ribbons, beads. Poneva consists of three panels with an ornament along the seams. In color, the poneva were black, blue in a cage.
Apron- "zapon", "curtain". The apron was always lavishly decorated, embroidered, and red was often preferred. No wonder the old word "red" meant beautiful at the same time. The color red was also considered magical.
Magpie- an old Russian headdress of married women or part of it. It was widespread in central Russia. Was the richest of women's headwear.

Now we will take a close look at the photographs of women's clothing:

1. Festive costume of a young peasant woman in the Tula province

2. Festive costume of the Voronezh province.

3. Festive costume of the Oryol province

Guys! Let's see what elements these costumes consist of.

And we will carefully consider reproductions of historical paintings by famous artists, in which there is an image of Russian folk costume.

1. “Portrait of an Unknown Peasant Woman in a Russian Costume” is one of the most famous works of the Russian artist Ivan Petrovich Argunov. The image of a peasant woman in this work is conveyed with piercing truthfulness and sincere sympathy. The ethnographically accurate outfit of a peasant woman in Moscow province (a kokoshnik embroidered with gold threads, a red sundress, a thin white shirt, bright decorations), as well as the ingenuousness and lack of any mannerisms speak of the peasant origin of the model. Her soft features, a welcoming, barely noticeable smile and a calm posture - all emphasize the modesty, openness and kindness of a woman from the people.

2. “Russian beauty in a kokoshnik” KE Makovsky.

It seems that these are poems about her by A.S. Pushkin "Beauty"

Everything in her is harmony, everything is wonderful,
Higher and higher than peace and passions;
She rests bashfully
In its solemn beauty;
She looks around herself:
She has no rivals, no girlfriends;
Our pale circle beauties
Disappears in her radiance.
Wherever you hurry
At least for a love date
Whatever in my heart I have
You are a secret dream, -
But when you meet her, embarrassed, you
Suddenly you stop involuntarily
Reverently
Before the shrine of beauty.

3. "Moscow girl of the 17th century." A.P. Ryabushkin - The picture is surprisingly simple. A girl is walking along an old Moscow street. Her gait is light and graceful. It seems to float above the snow. The impression of lightness is enhanced by a fluttering fur coat and a ribbon in a chic braid.

The girl's figure is clearly outlined against the background of a snow-covered street. She is slim. Her head, covered with a high headdress, is proudly raised up. The snow-white skin of the face is covered with a slight blush. She is dressed simply: a crimson fur coat, from the sleeves of which the sleeves of an expensive outfit peep out in emerald green. A red ribbon is woven into a light brown braid. The colors are bright, saturated.

III. Statement of the artistic task.

Based on the sketch made with paints, we are working on the applique. We carry out the work from pieces of fabric, braid, beads.

IV. Applique making, based on a sketch made with paints.

V. Summing up, analysis of works.

Viewing and exhibition of finished sketches, discussion and evaluation

Love for the native land, knowledge of its history is the basis on which only the growth of the spiritual culture of the entire society can be carried out. Apron (zapon) - clothes made of two unstitched long pieces of fabric gathered on a lace Curtain - long tunic-like clothes with sleeves and a rectangular cut to the shoulder blades.

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"Folk festive costume"

Grade 5

Folk festive costume

Lesson objectives:

Consolidate knowledge about folk costume;
To acquaint with the concept of an ensemble and the meaning of color in clothes;
Develop aesthetic taste;
Instill an interest in folk art.

Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes education from savagery.

A. S. Pushkin

Love for the native land, knowledge of its history is the basis on which only the growth of the spiritual culture of the entire society can be carried out. D.S. Likhachev

Woman suit

Shirt- the basis of women's folk costume.
Sundress

Belt

Apron (zapon)- clothes made from two long pieces of fabric that are not sewn together, gathered on a lace

Curtain- long tunic-like clothing with sleeves and a rectangular cut to the shoulder blades.

Soul heat- a short loose jacket, gathered in the upper part in small folds.

Epanechka- a kind of soul warmer, a short insulated jacket without sleeves and a collar, held on straps.

Poneva- homespun plaid wool skirt. Clothes of married women.

Combination of white and red colors - a distinctive feature of both embroidery and folk clothing in general.

Headdress

"Kokoshnik"

"Collection"

"Povynik"

Men's suit.

The basis male suit there was a shirt that had a slit at the collar in the middle or on the side (blouse)... The shirt was worn outside and always belted. They sewed it from white, red or blue fabric, and also decorated it with embroidery.

Pants were an obligatory part of the clothes of the Russian peasant. (ports), which were tied with a string around the waist. Wealthy people wore ports of silk and cloth, common people - canvas. They were tucked into boots, or wrapped in long pieces of fabric (onuchi). Put on top zipoon.