Heir to the traditions of handicraft. Embroidery as a kind of needlework in the traditions and rituals of the Russian people Homework (creative work)

Sidelnikova Victoria

supervisor: history teacher of the Rakityan secondary school No. 2

Introduction 3

1. Preserving the folk traditions of the native land

in Rakityanskaya secondary school № 2 4

2. Towels as an important part of folk life 5

Conclusion 7

Literature 8

Appendices 9

Introduction

The theme of my research work“Traditions of needlework of the Rakityan region” was not chosen by chance. This is an attempt to learn new information about the history and culture of the native land, to preserve and pass it on to future generations.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in last years in our country a lot of attention is paid to the study and preservation of folk culture. This process is actively taking place in the Rakityan region: folklore ensembles are being created; Russian folk song and dance competitions are held. The regional museum of local lore is successfully operating, most of which are expositions dedicated to the folk culture of our region; local history museums were opened in the schools of the region, where antiquities are collected and carefully stored. But how little we know about the culture of the Rakityan region, how much time has been lost!

People, ordinary Rakityans, are leaving this life, taking with them a piece of history. It is important to have time to collect valuable materials and save them for the next generation. The school and we, its students, the future of our country should play an important role in this process.

Therefore, the main goal of my research work is to study the traditions of needlework in the Rakityan region.

An element of novelty in my work is an attempt to study the experience of preserving folk traditions by students of the Rakityan secondary school No. 2.

The main sources of research will be the exhibits of the school local history museum and memories of the traditions of handicraft in our region, collected by students and teachers of our school.

While working on the topic, I faced the problem of a lack of literature on the study of Russian folk culture in the Rakityan region. There are studies of individual questions about needlework in the Belgorod region, and there is enough material on folk crafts, embroidery, weaving in Russia. There is not enough material on these issues in our regional museum of local lore.

I think that this work can serve as a basis for continuing research on the traditions of Russian folk culture in our area and material for conducting museum lessons and excursions for the school local history museum.

1. PRESERVATION OF THE FOLK TRADITIONS OF THE NATIVE LAND IN THE RAKITIAN secondary school No. 2

In Rakityanskaya secondary school No. 2, from the very moment of its opening, much attention is paid to raising children on the basis of Russian folk culture. It has become traditional for our children to participate in one of the most beloved school events - the Svoeobychae competition, where students in grades 5-8 can show their talents in the performance of Russian folk songs and dances. Demonstrate knowledge of the customs and traditions of ancestors, folk holidays typical for our region.

An equally important role in preserving the culture of the Rakityanskiy district is played by the local history museum, which opened in December 2001 in the Rakityanskaya secondary school No. 2. Most of it is made up of expositions dedicated to Russian folk culture, where antiquities are collected, the interior of a Russian hut has been recreated, women suits our region.

Studying in the local history circle, I often looked at bright, colorful and amazingly beautiful things created by the hands of ordinary Russian women, our grandmothers and great-grandmothers: embroidered homespun towels, bedspreads, pillowcases, valance on the bed, knuckles decorating the red corner of the hut, tablecloths, shirts, embroidered sundresses. There are a lot of such handicraft items in our museum. This is part of our history, the basis of Russian culture. But if there were no museums in our school and in the area, then I probably would not even know such words as nakutnik, nazuchnik, valance, towel, pious. But these words were very often used by our grandmothers and great-grandmothers. There are very few people left in our village who remember how they weaved cloth on looms; how and with what they dyed the threads for embroidery; what patterns adorned the Rakityan embroidered products... Therefore, first of all, I would like to show how wonderful the culture of my native land is, and how important it is to preserve the traditions of their ancestors, so that our children do not grow up as "Ivans who do not remember kinship."

To better understand the unfamiliar, but such important words that were often used by our ancestors, I turned to the illustrated encyclopedia "Russian hut". For me, a real discovery was the abundance of new concepts that characterize the decoration of the Russian hut. I was looking for a description of only those antiques that are in our museum. What did I manage to find out?

In each hut, there is a ball, the so-called "red" or "holy corner". It was usually located in the back of the hut and included a goddess with icons and an icon lamp. The decoration of the red corner was a knuckle - a rectangular piece of fabric sewn from two pieces of white thin canvas or chintz (70 cm - length and 150 cm wide). White knuckles were decorated with embroidery, woven patterns, ribbon and lace on the bottom. The nakutnik was attached to the corner above and below the images. In our area, he was often called a pious or obezka.

A bed took a special place in every house. She appears in folk life only in the 30s. XX century, but immediately becomes the pride of its owner. Special emphasis was placed on the decoration of the bed. She was covered over several mattresses with sheets, the main decoration of which was valances. This is a strip of fabric with embroidery and lace, sewn to one of the long edges of the sheet, so that when the bed is made, the valance remains open and hangs above the floor, pleasing to the eye bright colors and a variety of embroidery themes. The motives of the embroidery on the valances were very different. Our area was characterized by a geometric ornament or the image of a bird (mainly a rooster). The colors were different, and the valance itself ended in beautiful lace.

The bedspreads were made of lightweight but dense fabric. We enjoyed great popularity patchwork quilts and bedspreads.

In the daytime, when the bed was made, pillows were the main decoration of the bed. The mountains different sizes pillows, embroidered with bright flowers, were stacked on top of each other at the headboard and at the foot of the bed. Ornate capes were thrown over the headboards and pillows. A curtain was usually hung over wooden beds to keep out flies and mosquitoes. It was also decorated with embroidery.

A huge place in the life of any family was occupied by chests, where clothes, household items, and the bride's dowry were kept. They were an indicator of the well-being of the family. The chests were made of different types of wood and had a lock to keep the contents safe. One or two pieces of cloth were used to make napkins - bedspreads of woolen, half-woolen, canvas fabrics to the size of the chest. Very often, the cask was decorated with geometric patterns in the form of stripes of various colors.

The women also paid a lot of attention to decorating the floor of the hut. Until now, in some of our houses there are rugs and paths woven by the hands of our grandmothers. The people called them "row" or "rugs". A round rug, crocheted from rag strips, was called a circle or circle. The circles were laid on the floor, several pieces at a time, where there was space free of long rugs, or on top of the rugs.

Everything that was in the house was made by the hands of the people themselves. Russian women did a lot of work. Studying the memories of the residents of the Rakityan region, I realized that they loved to decorate with embroidery everything that was possible. Bright, colorful, saturated colors, a variety of patterns truly transformed simple life people not eventful. Probably, entering the hut and admiring this beauty, people who were tired of hard work during the day simply enjoyed life, rested their souls and found strength for the next day.

2. TOWELS AS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE PEOPLE'S LIFE

But, probably, one of the most favorite activities of Rakityan needlewomen was the manufacture and decoration of towels, which we call towels. Usually the width of the towels was 39-42 cm, and the length could reach 5 meters. Towels 2.5 - 3 meters long were standard for our area.

Towels of the Rakityan region were embroidered with a cross geometric ornament using two colors - red and black. Flowers with rounded petals were another typical embroidery pattern for us. They were embroidered, as they say, "loop in loop". In this case, other colors could be used. Very often in our area there are towels, the main pattern of which is the image of a rooster.

No one remembers exactly what the embroidery threads were dyed with, which even now, after so many years, do not fade, do not fade, do not boil down and retain their colors. According to the memories of grandmothers, it can be assumed that the paint for them was created from "natural material" - beets, carrots, greens. Someone recalls that roots of some plants were cooked for natural colors. But, unfortunately, no one remembers what kind of plants they were.

Towels had different lengths and a different amount of embroidery, which was associated with their purpose. They served as a decoration for the hut: they were hung on the walls, mirrors, icons for the big holidays.

Each girl could weave a white thin canvas herself and decorate it as was customary in her area. Towels were part of the dowry; it was customary to show them to the groom's relatives. The number of towels, the quality of the linen, the skill of the embroidery - all this made it possible to appreciate the diligence and accuracy of the woman. It was customary to give towels to relatives at weddings and big holidays... It was an important attribute of wedding, maternity, funeral and memorial rites. In our area, for example, the custom is still preserved to hand out towels and handkerchiefs to those people who helped in the funeral of relatives. And now a towel is being laid under the feet of the bride and groom, their hands are tied so that they live long, happily and amicably.

That is, a towel or towel was considered earlier and now as a talisman, protection from evil and a symbol happy life... This symbolism of the towel excluded the possibility of using it for washing. For this, there were handlers, scrubs, scraps, that is, towels.

Thus, towels were the most important part of the life of our ancestors. By them it was possible to judge the mistress of the house, her skills and talents. This is a very long and painstaking work. But women still had to cook food, take care of their families, feed a large household, clean the hut! At the same time, handicrafts were not a burden for our grandmothers, but a pleasure. It developed such qualities as patience, perseverance, imagination. Maybe we should also learn from our grandmothers? Then we would complain less about life, and more enjoy it, and people would become kinder and more sincere.

CONCLUSION

How much now we are talking about returning to the origins and traditions of the Russian people. Large-scale projects are being created to revive our culture. But it seems to me that we need to talk less about this, and do more: collect materials, create museums, introduce young people to the traditions of our people. There are also people in the villages who remember, know and love the culture of their native land. And it is very important to have time to preserve this knowledge, so that all this is not forgotten, not erased from human memory.

Museums and the people who create them are called upon to play an important role in this process. Museums should, above all, preserve folk traditions. With their help, the inner world of a person is enriched. This is the place where the distant past becomes closer and more understandable, dearer.

In this regard, the activities of the Rakityan secondary school No. 2 and its local history museum are very important. After all, everything that has been studied in this work is the result of the work of many people: school students, their parents, teachers. It was they who collected memories, looked for and brought antiquities to the museum. After all, only through joint efforts can we preserve what is left and increase what is being created in our culture. Thanks to the collected materials and the knowledge gained, many more generations of students of our school will be able to join the origins and traditions of the culture of their native land.

said wonderful words: "Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes education from savagery." So let us be educated and preserve the culture that has been created by our people for centuries.

LITERATURE

1. Bardin of folk crafts and souvenirs - M., 1990

2. Fats artistic culture of the Belgorod region - Belgorod, 2000

3. Utkin Russian embroidery - Belgorod, 1999

4. Fine arts and artistic work: book. For the teacher: comp. - M., 1995

5. Russian hut. Illustrated Encyclopedia - SPb., 2001

6. Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Artist / Comp. , - M., 1983

V Ancient Rus required element the education of girls was needlework. The skills of embroidery, knitting, sewing clothes and their decorations were acquired in early age... Every female, regardless of her social status(that the peasant woman, that the queen) had to skillfully own a thread and a needle.

In addition to the practical need for such skills, it meant that at work a woman does not dwell in idleness, which is considered the beginning of sin. For children, handicraft contributes to the development of color perception, fine motor skills and artistic taste.

The history of needlework in Russia

Needlework takes its history from the early Middle Ages. Already at that time, peasant women were learning to weave at least the simplest lace in order to provide the whole family with clothes. Wealthy city dwellers acquired cross-stitch kits. Village needlewomen made do with knitting needles or frames.

Russian lace was also famous in Europe. The first mention of them is given in the Ipatiev Chronicle of the end of 1420, where they are called "golden". Indeed, some Moscow craftswomen in weaving used silver or gold threads, which were combined with brocade and precious stones... As a result, truly unique products were obtained that could be considered works of art. Such laces were in the wardrobe of the empress and the tsars. Then the material itself was of greater value than the work of the craftswoman. There were laces that were sold by weight.

Features of things made by hand

Home textiles (bedspreads, curtains, tablecloths, towels, etc.) were spoken in a special way. Our ancestors believed that embroidery could save an entire village from troubles - war, fire, drought, flood or pestilence.
It was believed that products made by unmarried needlewomen have especially powerful magical properties... To demonstrate her skills, every woman was required to weave at least one large and beautiful canvas.

With the help of embroidery kits, craftswomen could create a masterpiece that they bought abroad. In order for the work to be argued, it was decided to turn to the goddess Makosh before starting it. She was considered the patroness of handicrafts, trade and the harvest.
Even after the baptism of Russia, the traditions that were well-established among the people were preserved. Makosh still helped women create real works of art, some of which sometimes reached the royal apartments.
In the XV-XVI centuries, the ancient goddess Makosh was gradually forgotten, but her place was taken by the great martyr Paraskeva-Friday. On the day of this saint (October 14 according to the old style or 28 according to the new), it was forbidden to do housework, otherwise failure could befall.

Craftswomen in Peter's times

During the reign of Peter I, craftswomen received a higher status. At fairs and bazaars, spinning wheels and other devices of European and Chinese production began to be sold, which simplified the work of needlewomen. The set included threads, needles and canvas.

The emperor ordered that "the female sex now has complete freedom in dealing with people," making it easier to sell yarn.
In addition, schools began to hold classes for girls, where they were taught to work with spinning wheels, frames, knitting needles and other devices for creativity. Future craftswomen were taught to knit and crochet, sew clothes, darn linen.
Handicraft was divided into 4 separate areas: school, church, handicraft and work for sale. The latter included handicraft peasant products. As a rule, they provided families of craftswomen with household items, clothing and other things.

Traditional types of needlework

Decorative and applied art is the soil and foundation of any national culture.

Folk art covers many types of creativity, this is architecture, music, folklore, everyday art, etc. In the forms of stone tools of primitive man, in the simplest figures of ornamentation, the rudiments of creativity appear.

There has always been a need among the people to decorate their life, make work joyful and supplement their life with beauty. Festive things were most skillfully decorated. From generation to generation, the successes and discoveries, inventions and innovations of folk craftsmen were selected and improved.

Many products folk art were produced in organized centers of arts and crafts that arose near sources of raw materials. Folk art develops in works of contemporary folk art. Based on old traditions in many regions of the country in the 20-30s of the XX century. centers of folk crafts were revived or re-emerged.

1. EMBROIDERY

Embroidery is the oldest and most widespread type of arts and crafts. It has a long history.The process of the development of embroidery can be traced from the images in the monuments of art of the ancient civilizations of Asia, Europe, America, from literary sources, as well as from the surviving samples of embroidery from different times and peoples.Man has long conveyed the beauty of nature, and his sensations, and experiences with conventional signs and patterns: straight and wavy lines, crosses, squares, triangles, rhombuses, circles. And our ancestors - the Eastern Slavs - depicted various phenomena in nature with the help of signs. The Slavs had many signs - symbols, almost all of them acquired the meaning of “amulets.” They were embroidered on clothes, believing that they would protect from various troubles and bring happiness to the house.For centuries, embroidery has been an integral part of decorating clothes and everyday life.Modern embroidery preserves best traditions folk embroidery art.Decorative curtains, panels, napkins decorated with embroidery are organically included in the decor of a modern apartment and play a significant role in decorating everyday life.

2. KNITTING WITH A HOOK

Crochet is one of the oldest types of applied arts.There is an assumption that the knitting method of making a canvas appeared in northern Africa, which is still reminiscent of the name of the Tunisian method, that is, knitting with a long crochet.In the XIII - XVI centuries. knitting came from the countries of the East to Europe, including the Belarusian lands, to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (this is evidenced by archaeological finds of tools for weaving and knitting, dating back to the XIV-XVIII centuries); somewhat later, in the 18th century, they learned to knit in Russia.There is another concept of the relatively independent emergence of knitting in different regions, which was prompted by the developed skill of weaving networks.

3.KNITTING ON SPOKES

Knitting - the creation of a cloth from intertwined loops - was invented by men.

The first information about knitted products has been preserved in oriental frescoes dating back to c. BC NS. Then, as historians mention, knitting was known in Ancient Greece at the time of the creation of the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" by Homer. But this information is not supported by any findings of knitted products.The oldest knitwear were found in Peru.

4. BEAD

Beads - the history of beads is fascinating, like a novel, full of secrets and unexpected turns.

Modern glass beads and beads have many predecessors. At first, people used the material that nature provided them: claws, teeth and bones of animals, shells, clay, wooden sticks and plant seeds. And when they learned to process various materials, then round stone beads appeared, and then shiny metal beads. After the invention of glass in the IV century. BC NS. bright beads instantly won the hearts of ancient dandies and dandies.

5. MACRAME

Macrame is the art of knotting. We tie knots every day and do it almost mechanically: we tie a ribbon bow, laces on our shoes, a tie, a scarf. None of the handicrafts uses such a variety of materials as macrame.Among the various directions of arts and crafts, macrame (knot weaving) is one of the oldest. Its origins lie in ancient China and Japan, but were known in other parts of the world. For some ancient peoples, knot weaving served as a means of accumulating and transmitting information. So, the ancient Incas had a developed system of a kind

"Nodular writing". It was possible to decipher the "nodular letter" by its shape, size, color and by the mutual combination of nodes.The basis of macrame is weaving, tying knots. It began when a person first needed to connect two strands. Gradually becoming more sophisticated, the macrame technique acquired a decorative value.The word "macrame" is of Arabic origin and means "fringe". This term is used for all types of work related to tying knots and weaving threads. However, the more ancient are the Arabic word "migramah", meaning a scarf or shawl, and the Turkish word "macramah" - an elegant scarf or shawl with a fringe. In Europe, the word "macrame" in the meaning of nodularweaving was first used in the 19th century. It is believed that the art of knot weaving in the VIII-IX centuries from the East to Europe. One of the intermediaries of its penetration into European countries was the sailing fleet.Macrame was periodically forgotten, then it was revived anew, its technique was constantly becoming more complicated, other types of human creativity passed over. Knot weaving reached a great flourish in Italy and a number of other European countries during the Renaissance. Braided lace was used to decorate clothes and interiors. Wickerwork began to appear on paintings. One of the first artists to depict wickerwork was Sandro Botticelli. The head of one of the characters in his painting The Adoration of the Magi is adorned with a macrame cap. Today, in many museums, you can see wickerwork preserved from those times, striking in its originality and sophistication.In Russia, macrame began to be carried away much later than in Western Europe. This handicraft gained a large scale in Russia at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Along with elegant handbags, purses, belts, Russian craftswomen wove more complex utilitarian products: tablecloths, napkins, magazine racks, shawls, fringed curtains and tassels. Braided collars were very popular. In recent years, macrame art has experienced its next revival. Despite its antiquity, it has not lost its attractiveness today. The modern interior, which in many respects has developed from standard things, required the search for new original solutions in the decoration of the house. The old art of macrame came to the rescue. Panels, rugs, tablecloths, pots, lampshades made in this unusual technique from massive cords, ropes, hemp, cotton, linen and synthetic threads, give a modern interior a special comfort and originality.

6.PECHWORK

Patchwork is a piece of work that defines the pattern and color of the product.If the upper part, sewn from shreds, is stitched with the intermediate layer and the lower part into a single whole, then the resulting product is called a quilt. Combining patchwork and quilting creates something new.Because modern performance about patchwork came through foreign magazines and books, then the English names "patchwork" (patchwork) and "quilt" (stitch) began to be widely used in Russia. Many even think that we have never had a patchwork - everything came from abroad.In Russia, such an occupation became widespread in the second half of the last century. At this time, in many cities of our country, the production of a variety of fabrics was established.

The turbulent history of our country does not imply a deep knowledge of family pedigrees, but still my daughter knows her ancestors up to the fifth generation. And all the women in the family were needlewomen.

Great-grandmother Elizabeth was a skilled knitter, knitting weightless openwork shawls of extraordinary beauty, but all for sale in order to survive in the military and post-war years... Our daughters only got a headscarf for the dowry, and we were lucky enough to see one of these headscarves sixty years ago.

Great-grandmother Antonina was a skilled dressmaker. And miraculously preserved in the occupation, and then in the evacuation, sewing machine“Singer” helped her great-grandmother with her family to survive after the war, she sewed the entire neighborhood, and made clothes for children from scraps so that they could send them to school. We still keep the aprons that she sewed when she was in her ninth decade.

Grandmother Eugene sewed well, knitted a little, loved to embroider "Richelieu" pillowcases, they decorate her apartment and were presented to her grandchildren and great-granddaughters. Grandma Lilia knitted a lot and beautifully, all loved ones are pleased and warm by sweaters, jumpers, vests, hats, scarves, mittens knitted by her. And she also amazingly embroiders with a cross and satin stitch. Embroidered paintings are pleasing to the eye and create a cozy, soulful atmosphere in the house. So my daughter Ekaterina has someone to take an example from and from someone to learn from.

But time brings its own adjustments even to the types of needlework. New materials appear, new techniques are mastered, other needs appear to decorate the world around them (no longer from lack, but from the abundance of consumer goods). Daughter with early childhood showed an interest in decorating. She made wonderful photo frames decorated with shells, toys from "kinder surprises", homemade braided cords, dried flowers, etc. Some of them settled down firmly and comfortably in our house, others were donated to friends and family.

This was followed by charming collages from natural materials, floristic compositions. From wooden blanks turned out "cordial" Christmas decorations, a peephole "owl", the interior door is painted in stained glass style. She gladly decorates the house for the holidays or simply creates a new mood. Owls settle on the refrigerator, and in the bathroom a standard cabinet acquires its own color and soap self made cheers up.

There are people for whom needlework becomes a profession. For others, it is a way of expressing oneself or simply relieving stress. In any case, this is the happiness of creativity. And I wish this happiness to my beloved daughter for many years!

Give the concept of embroidery as a traditional type of needlework.
Foster respect for folk traditions of Russia, interest in traditional types of needlework.

1 Organizational part.
2. Introductory speech of the teacher. Viewing the exhibition of creative works of children.
3. A journey into the history of Russian costume.
4. Study of ancient symbols in Russian embroidery.
5. Abstract: "The history of familiar things" Towel "".
6. Preparation for practical work: Decoration of a towel with embroidery using a table of old symbols and patterns for embroidery. Conducting safety briefing.

DURING THE CLASSES:

1. Organizational moment.

2. Introductory remarks by the teacher.

In Russia, the ability to embroider was passed down from generation to generation, and they began to teach a child this craft from 4-5 years old.

A peasant girl by her majority, by the age of 15-16 - prepare a dowry for herself. Before the arrival of the matchmakers, up to 100 embroidered towels, many tablecloths, valances, pillowcases, festive clothes, tens of meters of canvas woven by her hands were accumulated in her chest.

At the wedding, a kind of exhibition was arranged from a girl's dowry. The guests strictly appreciated the bride's skill and artistic taste, her hard work, diligence and patience, and it was clear to everyone that a wonderful skillful hostess was entering the groom's house.

During the conversation, an exhibition of students' works is viewed.

3. A journey into the history of Russian costume.

Now we will take a fascinating excursion into the past centuries and talk about the traditions of Russian clothing.

At all times, clothing has been one of the most striking manifestations of the difference between one people and another, one part of the population from another. What did the items of clothing look like, did they have any originality?

Everywhere in the southern part of the Moscow region, as well as in the villages of our province of Izhmora, Ushinka was worn wide skirt in an assembly of homespun checkered woolen or woolen cloth, the so-called pony .

As a type of clothing in the form of a skirt, poneva has been known since the pre-Mongol period. Poneva was worn by girls and married women who had reached the age of majority. Rituals and beliefs dating back to the pre-Christian era were associated with poneva. During the formation of the ancient Russian nationality on the territory of the present Moscow region, poneva was the main, leading type of clothing, which was adopted in the 10-13th centuries. Until the 14th century. The custom survived, according to which each settlement or several villages and villages had their own differences in the decoration of the fabric from which the poneva was sewn, in the size of the fabric cells, etc. If a girl got married in another village, she had to obey the traditions of that the village where the husband was from: they had to wear a ponyeva of the type that is customary to wear in the husband's village.

Women from the privileged strata of society did not wear a ponevo. It was a kind of clothing for peasant women. The poneva stayed longest in the southern provinces.

In the northern part of the Moscow region, the described type of skirt was replaced by another form of clothing - ---- a canvas dress with a long bodice and a wide pleated skirt, the so-called set ... Together with the set in the same northern districts of the Moscow region they wore nasovets-- a canvas long to the floor sundress with a wide hem and a narrowed waist, which had sewn buttons in front from top to bottom. And finally, the third type of clothing was kumashnitsa.

It was sewn almost the same way as a set, but at the bottom it was strongly flared and combined materials of two colors: red red at the top, and white canvas from the waist to the bottom.

The word kumashnitsa is derived from kumach, which means red cotton fabric. In Russia, clothes were decorated with kumachev fabric. Male caftans and even trousers were sewn from kumach. So in the archival papers about Peter the Great there is an indication that they let the "tsarevich go to the mansion for dwarfs on trousers with red kumach"

In the villages of the Moscow region, another type of sundress was widespread. Sayan .

Sayan was most often of blue color... He was especially loved by the elderly and old women, although the young, obviously, wore it, which is reflected in the following joke.

My dear
There is a little blue sayan
She walks mincing
And it glitters like a little one

Sayan was worn by residents of Kursk, Smolensk, Tver regions

One of the indispensable parts of the women's dress was a shirt with white linen sleeves. They were called stands, stands, stands, stands. They were part of a set of women's clothing. There were also branded sweaters in the women's toilet, that is, sewn from bright, colorful fabrics with mushroom-shaped sleeves - with sleeves puffed into a gather.

So, the clothes were of different styles and different qualities. Elegant clothes were called a series, an outfit, a kobedishnaya.

Everything folk costumes and household items were decorated with embroidery

4. Study of ancient symbols in Russian embroidery.

6.Preparation for practical work:

Your task is to decorate the towel with embroidery, using the table of old embroidery symbols and embroidery schemes, the cards with which are in front of you.

Appendix 3

Before you start work, let's remember what equipment you need and safety rules when performing this type of work.

	Name	Appointment
		Basis for embroidery
	Mouline Wool Lurex	They carry out embroidery, the quality depends on the quality and type of fabric
		Special for embroidery. Thickness depends on fabric and thread thickness
	straight ends with rounded ends	For cutting fabric For cutting threads to avoid damaging fabric
		For stretching the fabric. They can be oval, round, rectangular.