The name of the holiday on May 1 in the USSR. Russian public holidays

Labor Day (May 1, 2014)- Day of International Workers' Solidarity, celebrated in more than a hundred countries around the world on May 1 or the first Monday in May.

In Russia, this holiday is officially called the Holiday of Spring and Labor. It is a public holiday and is declared a day off.

What a holiday on the first of May

May 1 is celebrated in 142 countries of the world international holiday- Labor Day, which was originally called International Workers' Day.
some countries celebrate Labor Day at different times, such as the United States and Japan. More than 80 states (including) do not celebrate Labor Day.

May Day in has undergone small changes since Soviet Union, and now it is celebrated annually under the name of the Day of the Unity of the People of Kazakhstan and is state-owned. On this day, festive events are always held to unite all the peoples living in the Republic, because Kazakhstan is a multinational state. More than one hundred and fifty nationalities and nationalities live in it.
First of May - The day is alive. V spring Slavic holiday - Zhiva (abbreviated form of the name Zhiven, or Ziewonia, which means "giving life") is the goddess of life, spring, fertility, birth, life-grain. Daughter of Lada, wife of Dazhbog. Goddess of Spring and Life in all its manifestations. She is the giver of the Life Force of the Family, which makes all living things actually alive.

Germany celebrates May Day (Maifeiertag) fun and noisy. On this day, you can dance, sing, buy useful and funny things at the fair of craftsmen, listen to music. In a word, have fun, relax. The celebration is held in honor of the reviving nature, blossoming spring. Winter has passed - nature begins a new life.
Festival Beltane (Beltane or Beltaine) was one of the two most important holidays of the Celtic calendar year, which was divided into two equal periods, opening great holidays- Samhain on November 1 and Beltane on May 1. These dates were associated with the most important milestones of the cattle-breeding calendar - the pasture of cattle to summer pastures in early May and their return to stalls for the winter period - by November 1.

history of the holiday

On May 1, 1886, American workers staged a strike in Chicago, demanding an eight-hour day. The strikes and demonstrations dragged on for several days, led to clashes with the police and victims (according to various sources, from six to fifty people died).

During the riots, an explosion was made. On charges of organizing him, four anarchist workers were sentenced to be hanged. In memory of the executed, the Paris Congress of the Second International in July 1889 declared May 1 as the Day of Solidarity of the Workers of the World and proposed annually celebrating it with demonstrations with social demands.

Demonstration on International Workers' Day in London, May 1, 2013 (photo AP / Lefteris Pitarakis, fototelegraf.ru).

People demand better working conditions for light industry workers during a demonstration on International Workers' Day in Dhaka, Bangladesh, May 1, 2013. (photo AP / Ismail Ferdous, fototelegraf.ru)

Labor Day in Russia

In the Russian Empire, May 1, as the day of international solidarity, was first celebrated in 1890 in Warsaw with a workers' strike. Since 1897, May Day celebrations began to be political in nature and were accompanied by massive demonstrations.

After the October Revolution of 1917, the holiday became official: on this day, demonstrations of workers, parades, and subbotniks were held. On the second day of the holiday, as a rule, there were "May Day" - mass celebrations in nature.

In 1992 the holiday received a new name - "Holiday of Spring and Labor".

Now this holiday no longer gathers many people on the streets, as in Soviet times. Most tend to use this day off for household chores, meetings with family, friends, opening the summer season. Demonstrations include members of trade unions and political movements of various orientations.

Photo: http://www.orene.ru/upload/iblock/a82/image.jpg

Holidays in May 2015

Non-working days: May 1, 2, 3, 4, 2015.

Non-working days: May 9, 10, 11, 2015.

May 1: how many days do we rest

On May 1, 2014, the long May holidays will begin. The country will rest for four days in a row - from May 1 to May 4. Then there will be a short work week - May 5, 6, 7 and 8. Saturday 9 May is a public holiday followed by 2 weekends. Then there will be a short working week - May 12, 13, 14 and 15. Twothe next weeks in May, from the 18th to the 31st, will be held as usual.

Currently, everyone: a schoolboy, a student, and an employee knows that the first of May and the next dates are official days off. These are those sunny days in which you can just relax in the country with friends or go on a trip and not think about any business. But does everyone know why exactly the first days of May became a weekend? We will tell you in detail, May 1 - what kind of holiday?
Everyone knows that May 1 is a holiday of spring and labor, and May Day is celebrated in honor of workers. May Day became a holiday in honor of people who took part in demonstrations in Chicago (USA) in 1886. Working-class American citizens went on strike for three days, mostly ordinary workers, tradesmen, or artisans. But the police opened fire on unarmed people, and as a result, four strikers died, and after the end of the rally, the police began to shoot at the workers, on the basis that a bomb had been thrown at law enforcement agencies. As a result, this three-day rally took the lives of at least dozens of people. In the end, by the end of the American government, May 1st was declared Labor Day, in memory of the lost workers. Later, in 1889, in France, in memory of the victims, the Paris Congress declared May 1st - the international day of workers' solidarity. And next year it was already celebrated in some countries of Europe, Scandinavia and the USA. Currently, this holiday is held in many countries of the world, including Russia. But when did the first of May begin to be celebrated in this country?
The May Day holiday was recognized as official at the beginning of the twentieth century. More precisely, in 1917, workers began to celebrate the day of solidarity in all cities of the USSR. Soviet people truly fell in love with this holiday, and it has become a tradition for them to celebrate May Day in nature or in the country in the company of friends and relatives. Later May Day was renamed. It began to be called. Of course, it is understandable why the holiday was called Labor Day, but why spring? As everyone knows, May is the last month of spring, so is it not logical to celebrate the day of spring in the first month of this wonderful time of the year? It's simple, in May, nature awakens from sleep, and all the streets are filled with colorful green lawns, and it is in May that the real springtime comes. People have always rejoiced at such a renewal of nature, and therefore on the first of May, on the Spring Festival, they went to demonstrations where they met with friends. Many went to visit or vice versa received friends at home. AND hallmark May holidays became festive table, for which all family members, their friends gathered, and so they greeted the new arrival of spring - a warm, bright spring.
Until now, every year people celebrate the first days of May and send each other

Anna Abramova
Synopsis of the cognitive lesson "May 1 Holiday - Spring and Labor Day"

MBDOU d / s No. 1 "Smile"

Lesson summary

(cognitive development)

Prepared and conducted

Educator: A. A. Abramova

Target classes:

Continue to acquaint the guys with holidays, which are celebrated in our country;

In detail to dwell on holiday on May 1(tell the story of the origin holiday, its meaning);

Foster a sense of interest in history, a sense of patriotism, push children to search.

Planned results:

Raising the level of general erudition;

Assimilation of knowledge about the history of occurrence holiday;

Consolidation of previously learned information.

Equipment:

Crayons, markers;

Drawing board;

A projector or any other means of displaying images.

Course of the lesson:

I. Organizational moment

II. Knowledge update

Educator: “Children, let's remember:

What seasons do you know?

How many months in a year?

Which spring months do you know?

What are the May holidays you know?»

III. Disclosure of the topic

Educator:

“So guys, today we'll talk about the first May holiday - holiday on May 1... May 1 - red day calendar means it is a day off.

There are such verses:

White leaf with a red number!

This means a day off!

It's sunny and clear

Pervomaisky day in spring!»

Educator:

"What else holidays marked on the calendar in red, you know? "

Educator:

“And today we get to know with the history of this holiday... But first, let's remember: what do you know about the month of May? Think: why is it also called "pollen"?» (Children name all the plants that bloom in May)

Educator:

"Why was May the songbook still called?" (Children call the names of the birds that arrived and sang in May).

Educator:

“In general, guys, the month of May was named in honor of the goddess Maya. People worshiped her in order to get a good harvest. " (Show a slide with the image of the goddess on the projector)

Educator:

“Yes, May is the last month spring, beautiful, blooming. In May, nature fully revives, the earth revives. All toilers of the earth are trying to keep pace with the spring work. This is why this the holiday is called the Holiday of Spring and Labor... It's like a hymn to beauty and people. "

Educator:

“Children, now I’ll tell you and show you how this holiday have your parents celebrated before? That's right, beautiful. Attributes on May 1 are flags, balloons, flowers, slogans. " (slide show)

Educator:

“Now let's find out the story itself holiday... Back in 1886 in America, many workers to a demonstration demanding the authorities to improve their lives. But this demonstration was dispersed, many workers were killed. The whole world learned about it. As a sign of solidarity, they were supported by the workers of many countries. Solidarity is, guys, support, a unified position on some issue. In memory of the fighters since 1890 the day of May 1 was called the Workers' Day and began to celebrate in many countries around the world. In 86 countries of the world - May 1 national holiday... Until 1992 this holiday we also called it that. It was celebrated very beautifully " (slides with photographs, pictures of postcards, etc.)

Educator:

“And the most widespread slogan is "Peace, May, work!» »

IV. Generalization of knowledge

Educator: "Children, now let's repeat that you are new to yourself today learned:

Goddess of May - the month of May was named in her honor.

May is the last spring month.

1890 - the first name holiday Day of Solidarity of Workers.

1992 - this holiday renamed in Russia to Labour Day.»

Game to consolidate and develop creative skills

Educator:

“Children, let's split into three groups in rows. There will be three teams.

Educator:

“So, you are given several assignments:

1. Come up with a name for your team;

2. Determine a representative who will need to draw a coat of arms-drawing on the board with your help, which, in your opinion, can serve as a symbol holiday on May 1;

3. Tell why exactly these elements you drew in the picture. How are they related to Spring and Labor Day.»

Children confer, choose representatives from the teams. Representatives go to the board and start drawing. They name their team in order, tell: what they drew and why. The winner is determined by voting. Best group- encouragement.

Educator:

“Let's finish our class by Jacob's poem Akim:

Noisy warm winds

Spring was brought to the fields.

The earrings are puffing on the willow.

Shaggy like bumblebees.

Breaking river dams

Spring wave gushes.

Long live May Day!

Long live labor and spring!

Let the world triumph in the world

And the peoples of the earth are friends,

And so are the children in the sun

Start up spring ships!»

Homework.

Educator:

“Children, May 1, bright, good holiday! It should be carried out with family, friends in nature. Rejoicing in him along with the coming into force in the spring, celebrating his victory over the winter season. "

See if there are any objects at home, photos related to holiday on May 1(postcards, photos, bring to kindergarten.

Tell the children what this means to you. holiday... Search the Internet for old postcards - congratulations on holiday... Look for fun May 1st presentations.

The holiday, which is celebrated in Russia, in the USA and in a number of countries in Europe, Africa, Latin America and Asia on the first day of May, known at once under several names - International Workers' Day, Spring and Labor Day, Labor Day, Spring Day. In Soviet times, most Russians named this holiday by the date of its holding - May 1 or May Day.

The emergence of the tradition of celebrating May Day is associated with the events that took place in Chicago in the 19th century. On May 1, 1886, large-scale rallies and demonstrations of workers began in the city, which demanded from their employers the introduction of an eight-hour working day.

The action ended in clashes with the police. On May 3, at Cyrus McCormick's reaper plant, police opened fire on strikers, killing at least two workers. On May 4, at a protest in Haymarket Square, a terrorist threw a bomb at police, who responded by firing at the crowd. Sixty police officers were injured, eight were killed, and the exact number of workers killed was not determined. The police arrested hundreds of townspeople, and seven anarchist workers were sentenced to death.

In July 1889, the Paris Congress of the Second International, at the suggestion of the French delegate Raymond Lavigne, in solidarity with the Chicago workers, decided to hold annual workers' demonstrations on May 1.

On May 1, 1890, the holiday was first held in Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Italy, USA, Norway, France and Sweden. In the UK, it took place on 4 May. The main slogan of the demonstrations was the demand for an eight-hour working day.

In 1891, by decision of the Brussels Congress of the Second International, the sections of the International in each country were given the right to independently set the date and form of celebration on May 1, after which in Great Britain and some other countries the demonstrations were postponed to the first Sunday in May.

On May 1, 1891, the Social Democratic group of revolutionary Mikhail Brusnev organized the first festive gathering of workers in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg).

The May Day celebration became a May Day - an illegal revolutionary meeting of workers, usually held outside the city.

The Kharkiv May Day, which took place in 1900, became the first open mass demonstration of workers in Russia, during which it was decided not to go to work and to stage a street demonstration.

Since that time, on May 1, demonstrations have taken place in various cities of Russia. During the First World War (1914-1918), performances on the First of May became sporadic.

Spring and Labor Day for social and labor justice, festivities and concerts.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Today, May 1 for many is just an echo of the Soviet past. But his story is interesting and unusual. The article will tell you about how it was transformed into International Labor Day. Yes, indeed, the traditions of this celebration originate in the mists of time. At that time, our ancestors celebrated a holiday that symbolized the beginning of a new season of field work. This means labor.

Feast of the goddess

The authorities make many adjustments to the people's perception of certain phenomena. The ruling elite at all times wanted to root their ideology in society. Their sphere of activity spread in all directions: from the interpretation of history to the founding of celebrations.

The formation of the tradition of celebrating May 1st is very interesting. What a holiday on the first day of the third month of spring, they knew even in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Each of these peoples worshiped She was the patroness of farmers. Every year, the peasants, to appease the goddess, organized mass celebrations. The date fell on May 1. On this day, any work was canceled. Everyone was celebrating the arrival of a new harvest season. Later, the Romans named a month in honor of Maya.

Russian celebration

Noted modern holidays and the Slavs. April 30 and May 1 were highlighted in red on their calendar. The ritual that our ancestors performed was called Radonitsa. The essence of the holiday on May 1 among the Slavs is the departure of the spring cold. The dead were also honored on these days. Gifts were brought to their graves, among which there were and They welcomed the goddess Zhivu, who had the power to revive nature. The whole day of May 1 was set aside for rest. People swam in cold water to cleanse themselves and burned ceremonial fires on the banks of rivers.

With the advent of Christianity, representatives of the church set themselves the goal of exterminating pagan rituals. This applied to both the patroness of fertility Maya and the Russian rituals of honoring the dead. But get rid of the fun and happy holiday has become a daunting task. Everyone knew what an important holiday on May 1 was, and they continued to celebrate it.

Therefore, it was decided to transform traditions. Pagan Holidays springs were presented as the triumph of the Resurrection of Christ, adopting some of the original elements.

First day of workers

For ten centuries of Christianity, the holiday of the arrival of warmth disappeared and was already celebrated as a miracle of resurrection. But historical events have made their own corrections.

1856 Australian workers organized a protest march. The main demand was - to transfer workers to an 8-hour working day and at the same time not to reduce wages. Then fortune was on their side. They achieved their goals without bloodshed. Since then, they have celebrated their victory annually.

Thirty years later, in 1886, on another continent, workers in the United States and Canada decided to also achieve an 8-hour workday through rallies and demonstrations. This happened on May 1. Everyone knows what kind of holiday this day is, but not everyone knows that its history is tragic.

The strikers sought a limited working day (before that it ranged from 12 to 15 hours), a set salary and social guarantees. Every city has revolted. But Chicago became the center of the protests.

Motherland May 1

The events in Chicago have gone down in history as the Haymarket Rally. About 40,000 disaffected workers took to the streets of the city. The next day, one of the leading factories laid off more than 1,000 workers. Offended and unemployed people staged another demonstration. Under the gates of that factory, the uprisings were dispersed by the police, while dozens of people were injured and several strikers were killed.

Even bloodier events took place three days after May 1. The history of the holiday has taken a new turn.

In Haymarket Square, in mall, organized a rally against the reprisals of the authorities. Everything was relatively calm. The police were going to clear the area. But one of the provocateurs threw a bomb at the guards. The police began shelling. Many peaceful protesters were killed in the shooting. Repressions followed, and after a while the authorities also apologized.

The whole world learned about the so-called revolution on May 1. What kind of holiday could be based on these events? Of course, they began to celebrate the victory of the workers over the system!

Underground Mayhem

Officially presented the event and introduced the Congress of the II International to the people. This structure united in its ranks the socialist workers' parties from all over the world. In 1889, it was decided in Paris to celebrate the day of the proletariat in memory of those killed in Chicago. The proposal to take to the streets of the city every year and fight for their rights stuck. Since then, the glory of May 1 has spread throughout the world. The holiday in Russia (during the empire) was first celebrated in 1890 in Warsaw. The following year, Petersburg was already clandestinely celebrating the Day of Working People of the World. There, the workers hid from the governing authorities in the forest. Under the guise of a picnic, people discussed important revolutionary issues. Moscow also picked up the movement. The first proletarian May Day took place there in 1895.

Labor Day was openly celebrated in 1917. The celebration had a bright political overtones. Slogans, exclamations, portraits of politicians - everything was aimed at the class struggle. A year later, with the coming to power of the Soviets, a law was passed stating that from now on, May 1 will be celebrated at the national level. What kind of holiday and how to spend it, every Soviet person knew.

Working people time

The brightest May Day actions were organized by the Soviet government. The teams have been preparing for the celebration for weeks. It was not only a day off, but also a large-scale cultural program, which was planned by the elite.

The whole world envied the Union parades. People went to the demonstrations with pleasure. Everyone fought for the best banner.

In order to bring the masses to the streets in the early years, the authorities cheated. The leaders sent a convoy of equipment through the main squares, among which there was a tank. Onlookers gathered to see the miracle.

The parades of the 1920s and 1930s were remembered for their magnificent acrobatic and gymnastic performances. Various scenes were also staged in which the capitalists were ridiculed. This is what the May 1 holiday was in the Soviet Union.

Labor Day

A celebration started in the Union called the Day of the International. But later the name changed. Since 1930, May 1 has been known as the International Proletarian Solidarity Day. Years of the Great Patriotic War made their own modifications. Then the day was renamed the Fighting Proletariat. Further, a new official name was approved - International Labor Day. But the people called it simply - May 1st. The history of the holiday dates back to the United States, but it is worth noting that workers there rest on the first Monday in September.

In more than 140 countries, workers are given the weekend on May 1 or the first Monday of the month. Another 80 states celebrate the holiday on another day.

Forgetting traditions

Today, the script for the May 1 holiday has acquired new features. It is worth noting that fewer and fewer Russians want to devote this day to mass actions. Experts argue that such a decline in activity is caused by the fact that during the communist ideology access to the parade was forced, while now even the parade itself has lost its original qualities.

V modern Russia May 1 has lost its political context and is marked as Officially, this status was granted to the celebration on December 30, 2001, as indicated in article 112 Labor Code RF.

People try to spend this day with friends and family in nature, have a good rest and gain strength until the next holidays.