Essay on the current state of the process of upbringing schoolchildren. Modern parenting

Under

A.S. Makarenko, A.S. Makarenko

- discipline technique;

- self-government technique;

- punishment technique.

Subjects and objects of pedagogical design.

Let's start with subjects ... They are the active participants project activities... First of all, it is worth stipulating here that in pedagogical design subjects both adults and children become.

Depending on the type and purpose of the project activity subjects can act:

Educational and creative groups

The collective educational institution

Professional or network community

Education managers

The teaching staff of the institution.

Objects of pedagogical design are:

The personal potential of the teacher;

Teacher education system;

Pedagogical situation;

Holistic pedagogical process (unity of goals, content, forms, methods, means and techniques).

Pedagogical projects at the design stage.

Teacher education system in our country today it is presented in the form of a multilevel education project.

Its design is based on the standards of higher (or secondary) specialized education. The standards reflect three main blocks of vocational training teacher:

- general cultural(philosophy, logic, political science, sociology, cultural studies, language, etc.);

- psychological - pedagogical;

- subject-methodical(introduction to the specialty, etc.).

3. Design of pedagogical systems, processes and situations - complex multistage activity. It is realized as a series of successive stages. In fact, design in this case translates the general idea into detailed concrete actions.

How is the design of the pedagogical process carried out ?

Design traditional pedagogical process, classic lesson might look like this:

A clearly formulated lesson topic;

Specific definition of the purpose of the lesson;

Allocation of educational tasks in accordance with the topic and purpose of the lesson;

Determination of the equipment necessary for the effectiveness of the lesson (clarity, soundtrack of the lesson accompaniment, etc.);

Determination of the main course of the lesson;

Conclusions on the topic;

Creative task on house;

Summing up the lesson - asking the children what they liked, what interested them, who actively worked, etc. Thanks to the children for a good lesson.

Let's also look at an example design of extracurricular educational activities. His project will look something like this:

Theme of the event

Determination of the venue, its registration

Scenario of the evening

The final stage of the evening (what will remain as a keepsake).

How is the design of the pedagogical system carried out ?

The design of the pedagogical system can be carried out in several ways:

Educational project school work

School development concept project

Let's take a quick look at each of these options.

Educational project of the school. To develop it, you need to do approximately the following work:

1. Carry out diagnostics of schoolchildren and their parents in order to find out what they would like to see their school.

2. It is necessary to correctly find out what nationalities and confessions children are studying at school in order to determine the peculiarities of communication, upbringing, religion and nationality (it is incorrect to celebrate only the holiday of Christian Christmas if Catholic children also study at school).

3. To develop a project of mass activity forms that would interest children and parents.

4. Draw up a joint program of school affairs.

5. To establish open connections between the school and other institutions of the microdistrict, city or region.

The concept of the content of education and the principles of its formation

Under content of education one should understand that system of scientific knowledge, practical skills and abilities, as well as ideological and moral-aesthetic ideas that students need to master in the learning process, this is that part of the social experience of generations that is selected in accordance with the goals of human development and is transmitted in the form of information him.

General principles of the formation of the content of education

1. Humanity, ensuring the priority of universal human values ​​and human health, free development of the individual.

2. Scientific, which is manifested in accordance with the knowledge offered for study at school to the latest achievements of scientific, social and cultural progress.

3. Sequences, which consists in planning content that develops along an ascending line, where each new knowledge builds on the previous one and flows from it.

4. Historicism, meaning the reproduction in school courses of the history of the development of a particular branch of science, human practice, coverage in connection with the studied problems of the activities of outstanding scientists.

5. Systematic, which involves the consideration of the knowledge being studied and the skills being formed in the system, the construction of all training courses and the entire content of school education as systems that are included in each other and in the general system of human culture.

6. Connections with life as a way to test the effectiveness of the knowledge and skills being learned and as a universal means of reinforcing education with real practice.

7. Age appropriateness and the level of preparedness of students to whom this or that system of knowledge and skills is offered for mastering.

8. Availability, determined by the structure of curricula and programs, the way of presenting scientific knowledge in educational books, as well as the order of introduction and the optimal number of studied scientific concepts and terms.

General education at school should be combined with technical and labor training, and contribute to the vocational guidance of students. General education aims at mastering the foundations of the most important sciences about nature and society, the development of a worldview and moral and aesthetic culture. Technical education acquaints students in theory and practice with the main branches of industrial production.

Requirements for the content of education in a secondary school are determined state strategy for the development of education... Two aspects are traced in the content of education - national and universal. The general foundations for determining the content of education are: humanization, differentiation, integration, widespread use of new information technologies, the formation of a creative personality as a condition and result of a full-fledged, multicomponent learning process.

Theories of the organization of educational content

Supporters material education share the point of view of Ya.A. Comensky, according to which the main goal of the school is to transfer to students as much knowledge as possible from various fields of science. Graduate past good school should become encyclopedically educated.

Many well-known teachers of the 19th century were adherents of material education. Encyclopedic model was adopted in most of the prestigious educational institutions Europe, in particular in Russian classical grammar schools. Along with the undoubted advantages, material education also has disadvantages. This is a weak link between courses that are overflowing with educational material that is not always necessary for the development of students. Under these conditions, the teacher is forced to hastily, often superficially, teach the subject; curricula can only be drawn up according to a linear scheme.

In contrast to the representatives of encyclopedism, supporters didactic formalism(Locke, Pestalozzi, Kant, Herbart) aimed not so much at mastering students with actual knowledge, but as developing their minds, their abilities for analysis, synthesis, logical thinking, and the best means for this was the study of Greek and Latin languages, mathematics, while underestimating the importance of the humanities for the formation of a comprehensively developed personality.

K. D. Ushinsky criticized the theories of formal and material education, arguing that it is necessary not only to develop students, but also to equip them with knowledge and teach them to use them in practice.

Didactic utilitarianism(D. Dewey, G. Kershenshteiner, etc.) proceeds from the priority of the student's individual and social activities. He must engage in those activities that have allowed civilization to reach the modern level. Therefore, attention should be focused on constructive activities: teaching children to cook, sew, introduce handicrafts, etc. Around this utilitarian knowledge and skills, information of a more general nature is concentrated. Didactic utilitarianism strongly influenced both the content and the methods of work in the American school.

Problem-complex theory, proposed by the Polish scientist B. Sukhodolsky, suggests studying individual school subjects not separately, but in a comprehensive manner, making the subject of students' cognitive activity problems, the solution of which requires the use of knowledge from various fields. This theory in many respects has something in common with the "project method" well-known in the history of pedagogy.

The content of training, according to the Polish professor of pedagogy K. Sosnitsky, should be organized in the form of a lattice of large structures containing the main system-forming components. Hence the name of the theory - structuralism... This is the only way to avoid content overload and reduce the volume of training material without compromising the quality of training. In high school, the principles of systematicity, consistency and historicism should be abandoned, organizing structures according to a logical principle. This principle is applicable only when studying exact subjects.

Verbal teaching methods

These methods occupy a leading place in the system of teaching methods, allow you to transfer large-scale information in the shortest possible time, pose problems to the student and indicate ways to solve them.

Verbal methods are classified as follows kinds: story, explanation, conversation, discussion, lecture, work with a book.

1. Storytelling method involves an oral narrative presentation of the content of the educational material. From a pedagogical point of view, the story should:

- to ensure the ideological and moral orientation of teaching;

- include a sufficient number of vivid and convincing examples, facts;

- have a clear logic of presentation;

- be emotional;

- to be available;

- reflect the elements of personal assessment and the teacher's attitude to the stated facts, events.

2. Under explanation one should understand the verbal interpretation of the laws, essential properties of the studied object, individual concepts, phenomena.

Explanation Is a monologue form of presentation.

Using this method requires:

- precise and clear formulation of the task, the essence of the problem, the question;

- consistent disclosure of causal relationships, argumentation and evidence;

- use of comparison, juxtaposition, analogy;

- attracting striking examples;

- impeccable logic of presentation.

3. Conversation- a dialogical teaching method in which the teacher, by posing a carefully thought-out system of questions, brings students to the understanding of new material or checks their assimilation of what has already been learned.

Types of conversations: introductory or introductory, organizing conversations; conversations-messages or identification and formation of new knowledge (heuristic); synthesizing, systematizing or reinforcing.

During the conversation, questions can be addressed to one student ( individual conversation) or students of the whole class ( frontal conversation).

One of the types of conversation is interview.

The success of conducting conversations largely depends on the correctness of the formulation of questions, which should be short, clear, meaningful.

4. Main purpose training discussion in the learning process - stimulating cognitive interest, involving students in an active discussion of different scientific points of view on a particular problem, encouraging them to comprehend various approaches to arguing someone else's and their own position. Before holding a discussion, students must be thoroughly prepared, both in content and formal terms, and the presence of at least two opposing opinions on the issue under discussion.

5. Lecture- a monological way of presenting voluminous material. The advantage of the lecture is the ability to ensure the completeness and integrity of the students' perception of the educational material in its logical mediations and interrelationships on the topic as a whole.

A school lecture can also be used when repeating the material covered ( overview lecture).

6. Working with a textbook, book- the most important teaching method.

Techniques for independent work with a printed source: note-taking; drawing up a text plan; citation; annotation; peer review; drawing up a certificate; compilation of a matrix of ideas - comparative characteristics of homogeneous objects, phenomena in the works of different authors.

Choice of teaching methods

Choice of teaching methods cannot be arbitrary.

In pedagogical science, on the basis of studying and generalizing the practical experience of teachers, certain approaches to the choice of teaching methods have developed, depending on the various combinations of specific circumstances and conditions of the educational process.

Choice teaching methods depends:

- from the general goals of education, upbringing and development of students and the leading attitudes of modern didactics;

- features of the content and methods of this science and the studied subject, topic;

- the peculiarities of the teaching methodology of a specific academic discipline and the requirements for the selection of general didactic methods determined by its specifics;

- goals, objectives and content of the material of a specific lesson;

- the time allotted for the study of a particular material;

– age characteristics students;

- the level of their real cognitive abilities;

- the level of preparedness of students (education, upbringing and development);

- features cool team;

- external conditions (geographic, industrial environment);

- the material equipment of the educational institution, the availability of equipment, visual aids, technical means;

- the capabilities and characteristics of the teacher, the level of theoretical and practical training, methodological skills, his personal qualities.

When using the complex of the named circumstances and conditions, the teacher makes, in one sequence or another, a number of decisions: on the choice of verbal, visual or practical methods, reproductive or search methods for managing independent work, methods of control and self-control.

So, depending on the didactic goal, when the task of acquiring new knowledge by students is brought to the fore, the teacher decides whether in this case he will express this knowledge himself; Does he organize the acquisition by students by organizing independent work, etc. In the first case, it may be necessary to prepare students for listening to the teacher's presentation, and then he gives the students a task either to conduct certain preliminary observations, or to preliminary read the necessary material. In the course of the presentation itself, the teacher can use either an informational presentation-message, or a problem presentation (reasoning, dialogical). At the same time, setting out new material, the teacher systematically refers to the material that the students received in their preliminary independent work. The teacher's presentation is accompanied by the demonstration of natural objects, their images, experiments, experiments, etc. At the same time, students make certain notes, graphs, diagrams, etc. The combination of these intermediate solutions makes one holistic decision on the choice of a certain combination of teaching methods.

In modern conditions, a personal computer is becoming an important teacher's tool in choosing the optimal teaching methods. It helps the teacher "filter" the methods depending on the specific learning conditions and choose the paths that meet the predetermined criteria.

Actual problems modern education.

The domestic system of upbringing, as well as the state of Russian pedagogy as a whole, is today usually characterized as a crisis and a whole range of urgent problems can be singled out in it.

First of all, this is a problem associated with the search for ways to revive in Russian society a sense of true patriotism as a spiritual, moral and social value. The feeling of patriotism is unthinkable without national identity based on a sense of spiritual connection with the native people. Historical experience shows that ignorance of the culture of one's people, its past and present leads to the destruction of the connection between generations - the connection of times, which causes irreparable damage to the development of a person and the people as a whole. Because of this, there is an acute need to revive and develop the national consciousness of all, even the smallest peoples of Russia. This is the meaning of the existence of the Russian school, its activities in line with revival of spiritual traditions of national education.

The Russian Federation is a country in which different peoples, nationalities, ethnic and religious groups live. For many decades, education was based on the idea of ​​rapprochement, merging of nations and the creation of a non-national community. Modern Russian society lives in conditions of especially heightened social anxiety, since collisions in everyday life, public transport, and trade are easily transferred to interethnic relations. The explosion of ethnic hatred prompts to analyze the origins of such phenomena, to realize their causes - not only socio-economic, but also pedagogical. Because of this, the problem becomes especially relevant formation of a culture of interethnic communication as an effective means of reaching agreement between people, representatives of different nations and nationalities.

The reality of modern Russian society is the fact that more and more nations and nationalities are declaring their full independence, and Russia is being filled with refugees from all the republics of the former Soviet Union. At the same time, there is an increase in extremism, aggressiveness, expansion of conflict zones and conflict situations. These social phenomena especially affect young people, who are characterized by maximalism and a desire for simple and quick solutions to complex social problems. In these conditions, the problems of the formation of the ethics of student behavior in a multinational environment are of paramount importance, education of interethnic tolerance. The activities of all social institutions and, first of all, schools should be aimed at solving this problem. It is in the school community that a child can and should develop humanistic values ​​and a real readiness for tolerant behavior.

The trends of social development, characteristic of today's Russian reality, have actualized problem family education. The large-scale crisis that gripped our country had a negative impact on the material and moral health of the family as an institution of natural biological and social protection of the child and exposed many social problems (an increase in the number of children born out of wedlock; social disorganization of families; material and housing difficulties of parents; unhealthy relationships between loved ones; the weakness of moral foundations and negative phenomena associated with the degradation of the personality of an adult - alcoholism, drug addiction, malicious evasion of responsibilities for raising a child). As a consequence, the number of disadvantaged families is growing.

A striking manifestation of family dysfunction is the growth of violence against children, which takes many forms - from emotional and moral pressure to the use of physical force. According to statistics, about two million children under the age of 14 suffer annually from parental abuse. Every tenth of them dies, and two thousand commit suicide. For this reason, the search for ways to increase the effectiveness of family education was named among the priority areas of the Federal Target Program "Children of Russia" (2003-2006), which makes the solution of this problem one of the most important in pedagogical theory and practice.

These are, from our point of view, the most actual problems modern upbringing, on the successful solution of which the fate of the younger generation and the nation as a whole depends.

3. The concept of "pedagogical design", the history of its development.

Under pedagogical design means the preliminary development of the main parts, details that are necessary for the further activities of students and teachers.

Pedagogical design is used by every teacher and is its main and significant function. This can be explained by the fact that it is organizational, gnostic (search for content, methods, means of interaction with students) and, of course, communicative.

Pedagogical technology is understood as sequential movement, which is continuous and all components, stages, states, processes, phenomena, participants in this movement are interconnected.

Consider the history of the development of pedagogical design and technology. Engineering disciplines such as systems engineering, operations research method, decision theory, network planning, ergonomics, and technical aesthetics were the beginning of the development of educational technology and design. All of these disciplines were built on the basis of design theories, which in one way or another link technology and humans.

In domestic pedagogy, the founder of the theory and practice of pedagogical design can rightfully be considered A.S. Makarenko, who considered the educational process as a peculiarly organized "pedagogical production". A.S. Makarenko was against the disorganized process of upbringing, the consequence of this was his proposal to develop a unified system of upbringing, and in the end he became the developer of pedagogical techniques. Because A.S. Makarenko participated in the development of the education system, then his proposal was to combine and improve concepts such as:

- discipline technique;

- the technique of the conversation between the teacher and the pupil;

- self-government technique;

- punishment technique.

To design in a person, a pupil of all the best, to form a strong and

Yulia Sergeevna Kravtsova
Essay on the current state of the process of educating schoolchildren

"AND upbringing, and education are inseparable. It is forbidden bring up without transferring knowledge, all knowledge acts educationally».

L. N. Tolstoy

At all times, teachers have been looking for the best ways to help people in using the opportunities given to them by nature, in the formation of new qualities. Over the millennia, the necessary knowledge was accumulated bit by bit, one after another was created, tested and rejected pedagogical systems until the most resilient, the most useful remain. The science of education, the main task of which was the accumulation, systematization of scientific knowledge about raising a person... ... The latest technologies for teaching, education and education, effective techniques, are of great importance in. Upbringing how pedagogical concept includes three essential sign: first - purposefulness, the presence of some kind of sample, albeit the most general, as a socio-cultural landmark; the second - match the move process socio-cultural values ​​as achievements of the historical development of mankind; the third is the presence of a certain system of organized influences. ...

In his essay I will talk about modern education of schoolchildren, which is complicated by many negative processes occurring in our society. It seems to me that in education personality, the most important place is, first of all, the behavior of the people around him. Our own behavior is the most decisive thing. Upbringing process, aimed at the development of all children, should be built in such a way as to provide optimal conditions for the development of each child, based on the uniqueness of his individuality. Also at parenting it is necessary to take into account and self-education, where the initial component is the child's needs and motives, that is, deeply conscious inner motives for a systematic and active work above oneself. Upbringing process closely related to forms public conscience(politics, morality and ethics, law, science, art, religion, which in turn represent a spiritual breeding ground education... ... V modern pedagogical process, training and upbringing must be organized, i.e. training and education need to take the form of a managed process, in which the interaction of the teacher and students will be connected.

Returning to the topic of my essay, it must be said that modern school relies on traditional principles of education and requires change and the presence of innovation. Insofar as school one of the main institutions of personal socialization in the process of life, integration of the child into the professional space, and is also a fundamental link in the chain of development from a child to a mature personality. Therefore, it must respond in a timely and effective manner to events occurring in modern world processes, see and eliminate emerging problems, finding solutions that lead to qualitative changes, that is, to be adequate modern reality... Moreover, modern the educational space should be mobile, that is, quickly respond to changes outside it.

In my opinion, the main task modern school is the education of the student capable of cardinal and non-standard solutions... This can be ensured only with the competent mediation of pedagogical traditions and innovations in modern educational and educational space... V the process of educating schoolchildren it is necessary to take into account the problem of the spiritual and moral formation of the individual. In my opinion, the younger generation has undergone a change in values. Ours lacks solid moral foundations, which negatively affects the development of moral needs schoolchildren... I believe in order to preserve the spiritual and moral development of the individual, upbringing process should go purposefully, where the main content of the spiritual and moral parenting should be basic values ​​based on moral views: patriotism, social solidarity, citizenship, family, work and creativity, science, traditional Russian religions. But since we talk about life modern schoolchild then here educational In addition to society, the impact is exerted by the streams of information obtained through the Internet, television, cinema. Impact on upbringing and personality socialization (not always positive) these and other sources of information is often dominant in the process of education and socialization.

In this way, modern process of upbringing a schoolchild I understand how process impact on the formation and development of personality. The teacher must know about the role of the social environment as a factor in the formation of the personality, that is, it is necessary to take into account the totality of the circumstances surrounding the child, socially valuable, influencing his personal development and promoting his entry into modern culture... Also modern education process requires an individual approach to each schoolboy... Customization education should lead to to bring out the best features and qualities schoolchildren... V modern education, the teacher should pay attention to the statements of each student, stimulate independence and independence of judgment, accept any other opinion, without giving one-sided assessments. And in conclusion I would like to quote the words of A.S. Makarenko:

« Brings up everything: people, things, phenomena, but above all and longest of all - people. Of these, in the first place are parents and teachers. With the entire complex world of the surrounding reality, the child enters an infinite number of relationships, each of which invariably develops, intertwines with other relationships, and is complicated by the physical and moral growth of the child himself.

All this "chaos" as if it does not lend itself to any account, nevertheless, it creates at every moment certain changes in the personality of the child. To direct and direct this development is the task education».

Literature:

1. Journal « Education of schoolchildren» No. 9, 2012

2. Krysko V. G. Psychology and pedagogy. Lecture course. 3rd ed. M .: Omega,

3. Pedagogy. Tutorial for ped students. universities and ped. colleges / Ed. P.I. Pidkasistogo. - M: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 1998. - 640 p.

4. Podlasy I. P. Pedagogy: Textbook. for students of higher education. study. institutions. - M .: Education: Humanist. ed. center VLADOS, 2003 - 576 p.

5. Pedagogy: Textbook. manual for students of higher education. institutions / Ed. Slastenin V. A --- 4th ed. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2005-576 p.

6. Dzhurinsky A. N. Comparative pedagogy: Textbook. manual for students of secondary and higher ped. educational institutions. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 1998 .-- 176 p.

7. Kharlamov I. F. Pedagogy. - M .: Gardariki, 1999 .-- 520 p.

8. Khutorskoy A. V. Modern didactics... Tutorial. 2nd ed. - M .: "Publishing house" Higher school"» , 2007.-639 p.

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The priest Dimitry Bezhenar, responsible for the Missionary work of the Sergiev Posad deanery, answers the questions of the viewers.

- Hello, dear viewers, Alexander Sergienko is in the studio. Today our guest is responsible for the missionary work of the Sergiev Posad deanery, cleric of the Akhtyrka church in the village of Akhtyrka, candidate of theology, priest Dmitry Bezhenar. Hello, father.

— good evening, Alexander.

- Bless our viewers.

- Dear brothers and sisters, God bless you for all the best! Happy Kazan Icon Holidays Holy Mother of God and the Most Holy Theotokos "joy to all who sorrow"!

- Our topic today is raising children in the modern world, and some of the mistakes we make.

- Dear friends, among the problems faced by every modern Christian, and, first of all, every Orthodox family, is one of the main problems, the main tasks are the upbringing of children, the upbringing of a moral personality in a modern, very difficult world. And before we directly move on to the topic of our today's conversation and invite you, dear friends, to actively participate in the conversation with us, I would like to tell you one interesting case, one interesting dialogue, which I witnessed quite recently.

One venerable gentleman - of a very respectable age - from those who came to church in the late 80s and early 90s, naturally, read a lot of Orthodox Church literature - read, of course, without a system, so he has, to put it mildly, such confusion in his head - accused the Orthodox Church of the fact that now one of the main problems in the Church is excessive piety. He blamed, first of all, the clergy. That the clergy of the people encourages people to fast - but does not explain what the fast is for. People are fasting, but supposedly - from the point of view of this master - they do not know why they are fasting. They pray - but do not understand what prayer is. And from prayer, from fasting, from a pious life, pride rises in them, a feeling of high opinion of themselves, spiritual poverty, humility and so on are lost. And when his interlocutor asked: how can you determine what exactly this is a really serious problem of modern church society, he, as expected, did not give any sensible, articulate answer to this question.

Therefore, dear friends, I would like to draw your attention to the following. The problems that exist in modern society, and to which the Holy Church always reacts with the voice of the hierarchy - among these problems the problem of excessive piety does not exist. If we look, we track closely, we listen to the annual appeal Holy Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia to the clergy and monastics of the city of Moscow, each annual address summarizes the results of the previous year, plans and prospects for the future. Look at the documents and decisions of the Councils of Bishops that have taken place in recent years; for the work of the Inter-Council Presence, for Orthodox sites - for example, pravoslavie.ru, where some problems, including those of a secular society, are discussed, different points of view are given - everywhere we see that among the problems facing the public there are what problems? Religious illiteracy is a real problem, religious ignorance. Why does the hierarchy use so much effort to increase the literacy of Orthodox Christians? Why is this a very obligatory and very appropriate timely blessing of the hierarchy, so that everyone who approaches Baptism must first be announced - if it is an adult? And this religious illiteracy - one does not have to look far for an example. Dmitrov's parental Saturday was the day before yesterday, and many people submit notes to the church with the following words: give a note to the church, let them pray there. The literal phrase "let them pray there" - so that my close relative there, in the future afterlife, would be good. And when you ask a person: why don't you yourself want to go to church? - I have no time, I have things to do, worries, problems, let 'they' be the clergy, let them pray there, and my task is to write a note and give it back. This form of ritualism is also one of the types of his religious illiteracy.

Such problems do exist in modern life. And the problem of excessive piety - there is no such problem, and thank God that it is not, and the dialogue of this elderly gentleman with his interlocutor left a very interesting impression. There is a well-known literary character Don Quixote of La Mancha - this is an elderly lord who put on armor that had already rusted from time to time, imagined himself to be a valiant knight, mounted a horse, took a spear, and rushed to look for opponents. And since there were no more knights worthy of him - the times had passed - he saw the mill, rushed to the mill - at the fictional enemy. The mill looked like a giant to him. Likewise, the conversation with this gentleman left - at least, for me, as a witness of this dialogue, a very sad impression in comparison with Don Quixote, who fights against windmills. Because if among the problems of modern church life were the problem of excessive piety, then we would see what? A multi-day fast sets in, and ambulances would not have time to take the re-fasting parishioners to the offices, who collapse in exhaustion; or people would end up in psychiatric hospitals because they prayed and thus went insane; or people would put chains on themselves, sleep on the bare ground - as "in time of it" the ascetics. Therefore, there is no problem of excessive piety. And these attacks individual citizens only testify that they are dreams of their heart, that is, they pass the fruit of their passionate imagination as reality. Unfortunately, one has to communicate with such people, and especially in missionary work, to try to respond to their attacks on the Church.

And among the real problems of modern church life, undoubtedly, one of the most important is how we can learn to educate a moral personality, like our children, adolescents who, due to their age, due to a reassessment of values, how they, communicating with people around them, perceive the action of modern mass culture - sometimes aggressive, pernicious, corrupting; how to resist them, how to instill in children spiritual immunity, so that they go through these difficult years of adolescence - I'm not afraid of this word - without getting morally dirty - or, at least, with minimal losses for their souls. This is the problem that each of us faces.

- And of course, the most dangerous thing that can happen on the part of the parents themselves is some mistakes or inaccuracies, or completely wrong behavior towards their children. What are the main categories?

- Yes, indeed, Alexander, one can conditionally boil down to two common basic mistakes that all parents make in general - one cannot say that only believers, church parents - but in general all parents. Wise people, teachers, pastors with great experience always draw the attention of their flock parishioners, spiritual children to these two mistakes.

The first is excessive affection, which is mistakenly called love, although there is no love here, and this is nothing more than indulgence, indulgence of the child's passions, when the child fancies himself an uncrowned king in the family. The worst option is if there is only one child - while he is alone, of course, all attention is paid to him, and he really grows up to be an egoist. But even if there are several children in a family, then the latter, as a rule, to whom the most attention - both parents and older children, can also grow up with these selfish inclinations. And this excessive affection, indulgence of passions, when the child grows up and feels like the center of attention. He is convinced that, perhaps, besides consciousness, it passes, but he is convinced that the whole world and his parents were created only for him, in order to satisfy all his lusts. And such an egoist, before whom admiration is performed as a pagan idol, as a rule, faces very big problems in life, and it is quite obvious that the world around him will not treat him the same way; he will certainly face an attitude towards himself that is more worthy of him, in fact, but he will take it with resentment, with grief, he will hate the whole world, take offense at everyone, think that insignificants and unworthy people have become higher than me, they underestimated me, etc. etc. And parents who overly indulge the child, turn him into an idol - one of the main mistakes - they doom him to the fact that he will be alone in life, he will not have real friends, real support. And he will be in a state of permanent mental war with the world around him.

- So, the first is excessive affection, and the second?

- The second mistake that parents sometimes make, and also quite often, is excessive severity. This is the other extreme. As Elder Paisius very wisely says: all extremes are from the enemy. Excessive indulgence is one extreme, the other extreme - when a child grows up impersonal, grows up as if in a police station, where his every step, every thought, is strictly controlled by the parents, and moreover, the parents can sincerely believe that they are doing this for the good of the child ... A child, as a rule, in such a family grows up weak-willed, downtrodden, lacking in initiative, intimidated. This inner depression — I’m not afraid of such a sharp comparison — the "prison childhood" of such a child may subsequently spill over into two directions. Or the aggression towards everyone else is inexplicable - the teenager himself, the young man cannot understand why he has such aggression towards everyone inside - someone looked at him wrong, said something wrong. Or it is expressed in the fact that a person will remain weak-willed, lack of initiative, depressed all his life. He seems to be looking for people with a stronger will who would control him. Everywhere he is afraid to show some kind of initiative, he is afraid of being shouted, and these are also unfortunate people who have received less love.

Therefore, in relations with children, one must remember the wise example of any experienced gardener: when a gardener plants a small tree, he ties it up so that it grows evenly, and must take care to water it on time - not overflow, because both excess moisture and lack of moisture are the same harms the tree. Likewise, an excess of love - or rather, not love, but indulgence, and excessive severity also harms the personality of the child.

- A question from the Moscow region. In the Proverbs of Solomon there are the words “if anyone loves his child Even if he has mercy on his own, he will hate his son” (Proverbs 13:25). Those. raising a child is punishable. And another question: when children go to the altar, often a child, dressed in an surplice, comes out, as it were, to seem that he is so pretty.

- God save, very good question. The quote of the wise Solomon continues as follows: "but he who loves, he punishes him from childhood." I will once again recall the etymology of the Slavic word "punishment": this is not revenge, this is not punishment, this is not a manifestation of insane power and cruelty, not a desire to enjoy the suffering of a helpless creature, but punishment is teaching, admonition. Therefore, whoever loves his son or daughter, then naturally, must punish them - read: educate and educate.

- A question from the Nizhny Novgorod region. My sister, who died five years ago, has a three-year-old son, and I and his father are raising him. Two years ago, the father bought the child a computer. A child can no longer live without a computer, he is everything for him. When the computer finally broke down, I was delighted, and the child was angry with me. What should I do?

- God forbid, a fairly widespread problem in modern life, because the computer has become an integral part of the life of modern people, and I do not think that in the program of the Soyuz TC you heard the phrase that the computer is poison. The computer itself cannot be poison, because it is the creation of human hands, human mind and talent. It all depends on how you use it. How much Orthodox literature is typed on a computer, how many interesting and informative sites that enrich from a moral point of view! It all depends on who holds the weapon. And it goes without saying that for a child who still does not know how to distribute his strength and time, who is still weak-willed, needs parental care, sitting at the computer for a long time is dangerous for him in all respects - as in the physical - constant exposure from this screen and defeat certain parts of the brain, experts have already spoken a lot about this, including from the St. righteous John of Kronstadt at the Krutitsky courtyard - Izyaslav Alexandrovich Adlivankin, father Anatoly Berestov, many articles have been written on this topic. You can read and familiarize yourself with how harmful not so much the computer, but the unreasonable use of it, especially when children, adolescents spend a lot of time in front of it. Therefore, of course, it is better that all this be dosed.

The best option that can be advised, since you turned to me specifically - if the child did not even know until a certain age that the Internet exists. I am aware that maybe my words will turn out to be very categorical. And it is better that the child, until a certain age, does not know that television exists. This does not apply to the Soyuz TV channel, namely secular television. So that he does not know how the antenna connects to the TV. Now there are a lot of Orthodox discs, cartoons, old Soviet films that have at least some meaning. Here, watch the DVD - this is the best option, when parents give a dose of information and take care not to overload the child with this information. Therefore, God grant you wisdom and patience to find words in this situation and explain to your child about the harmfulness of excessive sitting at the computer.

Problems and difficulties modern process education and ways to solve them

If you think about tomorrow - this grain

If 10 years ahead - plant a forest,

If for 100 years - bring up the children.

(Folk wisdom)

Good manners - it is a personality quality that determines in a person's daily behavior his attitude towards other people on the basis of respect and goodwill towards each person. Upbringing has never been a simple matter, and in every historical period there have been corresponding problems and difficulties.

The current situation has exacerbated a number of problems and increased the difficulties of education as a pedagogical process. This is primarily due to the state of society, which depends on the quality of the positive, accepted by the majority of the fundamental ideas that make up its ideology. The place of an idea capable of uniting society and building guidelines for educational activities is now occupied by the ideology of consumption, when the cult of money and the cult of culture are incompatible with each other. The growth of consumer psychology is accompanied by serious environmental problems and a rapid decline in natural resources.

The realities of modern life are such that every year there is an increase in child crime, prostitution, drug addiction, homelessness (there are 10 million street children in the world, every 10th in Russia).

Sociologists note that in recent years there have been serious changes in the reorientation of children, adolescents and young people to the values ​​of Western culture. Power of funds mass media so great that they are called the "parallel school".

In an era of changes, a change in values ​​and ideals, teachers experience difficulties in organizing educational work with children, since the usual upbringing schemes "do not work." As a result, there are processes of alienation of the school from the child's problems, thereby increasing his social loneliness.

It is impossible to give an unequivocal answer to the question: how to raise children, too many factors and life circumstances influence the choice of the only correct decision, which will predetermine the further successful development of the personality of a growing person. But, building the strategy of modern education, one cannot but take into account a number of external and internal factors:

1. It is impossible not to take into account the ideas of the world community about the appearance of a person in the post-industrial information society.

The goal of the new upbringing should be to promote the individual development of children, the disclosure of their creative potential, the formation of a civic position, and familiarization with spiritual and moral culture. .

The UNESCO report Education: The Hidden Treasure provides a new understanding of the quality of education. The new quality of education is based on four pillars:

Learning to know - implies the daily construction by students of their own knowledge ...

Learning to do - implies the practical application of the knowledge gained;

Learning to live - focuses on the ability to live without any discrimination for the purpose of their own development, their family and their community;

Learning to be - focuses on developing the potential of each person.

2. When looking for ways to solve the problem of upbringing, one should take into account the socio-cultural situation in the country, which makes new demands on the individual: to be mobile, to be able to independently make decisions in situations of choice, to have a sense of responsibility for the fate of the country, for its prosperity, to be able not only to live in civil society, but also to create it.

3. It should be borne in mind that the children themselves, young people, and also the adults with whom they live have changed. On the one hand, our children have become freer, more relaxed, on the other hand, more egocentric, indifferent, more aggressive.

4. Problems that complicate education also exist in the system of school and vocational education itself: the extinction of the educational function and increased emphasis on the organization of the educational process in any type of educational institution ...

5. Finally, one cannot but take into account new life realities, such as free access to the Internet, travel abroad, education in different types of schools, propaganda of their views by many political parties, the influence of mass culture, the impact of different religious movements.

6. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the process of modernization of Russian education is actively underway, which significantly changes the educational system and educational practice, declaring the need to master new technologies, new forms of organizing extracurricular activities.

The orientation towards assessing educational results by the number of events and the participation of educational institutions in them leads educators - educators into organizational activities, and not into working out technologies for individual support for the development of a child, adolescent, young man.

Today we cannot significantly influence the upbringing function of the family, since there are processes of parents' alienation from school. Modern parents are less concerned with the level of education of their children, and they often neglect the solution of educational problems in the family, although the educational function has always been considered one of the leading functions of the family. The educational potential of the family is inexhaustible if one looks for common ground not so much in the knowledge and academic performance of the child as in the mutual approval of priorities for

family values ​​(health, safety, psychological comfort of the child, his social protection).

Today adolescents cannot overcome even the most elementary problems that arise at home or at school, and in fact they have always been and will arise among children. The new generation in a situation of rapid transformations cannot find a correct, adequate solution to their problems. Adults, of course, should help the young to keep up with the changes in the outside world. However, the problem is aggravated by the fact that adults themselves have not yet had time to adapt to all the new trends of our time.

Earlier it was customary in children to cultivate a craving for collectivism, for public affairs and problems. Today, individualism and, as a result, selfishness have come to the fore. For the upbringing of a full-fledged personality, the very "golden mean" is needed, but it can be very difficult to find it.

The importance of the moral and ethical education of children has become especially evident in the modern period in connection with the loss of moral meanings by people of their own lives, which is reflected in the growing aggressiveness, infantilism of some of the youth, and lack of spirituality. Deficit moral values and moral disregard is becoming pervasive.

What are the main guidelines for moral education in modern school it is necessary to indicate which students should strive for. The most significant, as the pedagogical practice and its analysis show, should be considered:

Humanism, which is based on respect and benevolence towards another person, kindness as a source of feeling, action and attitude towards the world around us.

Responsibility as a moral readiness to hold accountable for one's thoughts and actions, to correlate them with possible consequences.

Duty as awareness and readiness to manifest their responsibilities to the state, society, people and oneself.

Conscientiousness as a regulatory basis for all human life

Self-esteem as a moral self-affirmation based on an emotionally reflective and positively colored attitude towards self-esteem and respect for another person.

Citizenship as a sense of the Motherland, inseparable connection with the fatherland, involvement in its fate.

The emphasis on these characteristics allows students to comprehend such collective and figurative concepts as:

The culture of feelings is the ability and striving for emotional self-manifestation in the horizon of measure and morality.

The feeling of empathy is the emotional "feeling" of another, comparing one's behavior in accordance with the state of the other person.

Time requires the identification of new opportunities for school education:

creation of an educational and educational environment based on the observance and protection of the rights of the child, the interactive nature of interaction, helping the child in solving his personal problems, organizing life on the principles of mutual understanding, support, etc.

The main ideas of the upbringing system:

Development idea. The main meaning of educational work is the development of the student's personality, his subjectivity and individuality, creative and intellectual abilities, the development of skills for self-education and self-education.

The idea of ​​creativity. In the process of creative activity, the development of abilities and the formation of the needs of the individual takes place. The development of motivation and mastery of the methods of creative activity contributes to a more complete self-expression of the individual.

The idea of ​​cooperation. The joint creative activity of children, parents and teachers is a creative activity that contributes to the experience of a “situation of success”.

The idea of ​​choice and responsibility. Having the opportunity to choose the types and forms of activity, the child learns to assume the results and be responsible for them.

Activity idea. Activity is designed to generate satisfaction from the process of activity and ideas, from experience value attitude to the object of activity.

The idea of ​​openness. Contact with family, parental involvement in education, availability of information, interaction with institutions of the surrounding society.

Hence, the primary task is to create a moral field for the life of an educational institution, which requires a well-thought-out system of moral education of schoolchildren.

Methods and techniques of education in primary school

Methods of upbringing in relation to school practice are ways of influencing the consciousness, will, feelings, behavior of pupils in order to develop in them the qualities set for the upbringing. There are no methods good or bad, effective or ineffective. It all depends on how they are applied.

The general method of forming the necessary personality traits is exercise. It is impossible to teach how to play a musical instrument by demonstrating virtuoso performance. In the same way, it is impossible to form the required type of behavior without attracting pupils to active, purposeful activity.

An indispensable condition for the effectiveness of exercises is the creation of an integral system of gradually becoming more complex exercises. To foster a culture of behavior in junior schoolchildren you can use an indicative plan of progressive exercises.

Approximate exercise plan

Good results are obtained by the method of assignments - with its help, children are taught to do positive actions: visit a sick friend, help him in his studies; to make toys for the sponsored kindergarten; decorate a classroom for the holiday, etc. Assignments are also given in order to develop the necessary qualities: unorganized children, for example, are instructed to complete a task that requires accuracy and punctuality, etc. There is no need to explain in detail how to carry out assignments.

Encouragement is a positive assessment of the actions of pupils, reinforcing their skills and habits. Arousal-based reward positive emotions, instills confidence, creates a pleasant mood, increases responsibility. Its types are very diverse: approval, encouragement, praise, gratitude, granting honorary rights, awarding certificates, gifts, etc.

Competition. Take a closer look at the children. As soon as they get together, they immediately begin to sort things out - who is who. They are highly competitive. Establishing oneself among others is an innate need of a person, which he realizes by entering into competition with other people. Its results for a long time consolidate the status of the child in the team.

Extracurricular and extracurricular educational work in primary school is carried out in the form of organized educational affairs: ethical, aesthetic, cognitive, sports and physical education, environmental, labor, etc.

Moral education

Cognitive activity

Civil-patriotic education

Creative education

Labor;

Ecological

Wellness work

Prevention of offenses

Each of the areas of educational work corresponds to activities carried out not only in a particular class, but also in primary school and school as a whole, where both children and parents take an active part. An example working together you can call sports competitions "Dad, mom, I am a sports family" (Mikheev AV), preparation and holding of matinees "Golden Autumn", "Mother's Day", I would like to note the active participation of parents in the craft competition "In the Workshop of Santa Claus" and holding the holiday "U Christmas tree", Made 2 trips to Sergiev Posad: the play" Jesus Christ - the baby ", new year performance.

In my opinion, one of the main components of the success of the educational process at school is close cooperation class teacher and parents. Parents and educators are educators of the same children, and success is determined if they become allies.

GBOU SPO EPK KK

Classroom Leadership Report:

"Problems of modern education in modern Russia"

Prepared by:

Student group Sh-21

Tour Anastasia

2015, Yeysk

Introduction

Over the past 10 years, issues of education and upbringing have not left the pages of newspapers and magazines. One discussion replaces another. The assertions that the existing education system cannot meet the increased demands of production, science and the entire continuously growing complexity of social life have become banal. Almost everyone agrees with this. Discrepancies arise later, when a discussion of the question begins, what is the essence of these inconsistencies, or "gaps", what are their most characteristic manifestations and what needs to be done to eliminate them. The problem of the development of upbringing undoubtedly deserves the closest attention, since, in fact, we are talking about the future of Russia, the value orientations of our society, and, by and large, about the national security of the country, the roots of which lie in the upbringing, civil formation of the younger generation, the formation of he is ready for worthy service to the Fatherland. It would be logical to consider two problems separately. The first is the problem of educating society, the second is the problem of the formation of the same society in modern Russia. In these problems, the object of research will be society itself, and the subject of research is the system of education and upbringing.

Upbringing - purposeful personality formation in order to prepare it for participation in social and cultural life in accordance with socio-cultural normative models. By definitionAcademician I.P. Pavlova , upbringing is a mechanism to ensure the preservation of the historical memory of the population.

Modern methods of education

Perhaps it is difficult to find parents who would not like to raise good child... Most people in the process of raising children relies on their life experience, on how they were brought up in their time. Meanwhile, there is ample evidence that previous parenting methods fail and do not bring the expected results. Sometimes the effect of their use is exactly the opposite. What are the reasons for this phenomenon? The changes taking place in the modern world require new, extraordinary approaches to the problem of education, the search for alternative modern methods raising children.

Authoritarian parenting methods The methods of raising children, which are still used by the overwhelming majority of parents, were formed in the family over the centuries under the conditions of a feudal society, and then under the conditions of bourgeois or socialist democracies, the basis of which was an authoritarian regime. These are authoritarian methods of raising children. The basic principle of such methods is the requirement of the unquestioning submission of children to the will of their parents. In the arsenal of educational measures, there are such methods of influence on the child as order, reprimand, shout, threat, ridicule, punishment, including physical. At the same time, the child is viewed as a kind of negative, hostile subject who always strives to do something wrong, who constantly needs to be pulled back, directed. Fear is at the heart of the motivational mechanisms of children's actions with such methods.

Democratic parenting methods are new, modern methods that were born under the influence of democratic transformations taking place in the world around us. Such modern methods of raising children are based on the rejection of coercion, subordination of children's actions to the wishes of their parents and their conflict-free reorientation from bad behavior to good behavior. The use of these methods involves the study of the child's perception of certain facts or events in life and providing him with unobtrusive assistance in their correct assessment. The child is not seen as good or bad, but as a living person who tends to be wrong. Actions are evaluated, not he himself. Actions that take into account the interests of all parties to the conflict are positively assessed. Family relationships are not built on children's fear of imminent punishment, but on the principles of mutual understanding, trust, mutual respect, and unconditional love. In this case, the motivation for the actions of children is an internal urge to action and a choice correct option actions based on their own ideas about what is good and what is bad.

Parenting goals

A positive result of educational influence is not the unconditional fulfillment of parental orders, but right choice the necessary action in specific life circumstances and its conscious implementation. These methods contribute to the development of a child's sense of self-confidence, courage in decision-making, initiative, responsibility, honesty, democracy, friendliness. Growing up in a family where respect and love are at the heart of relationships, such children go out into the adult world open, sincere, capable of giving love to other people.

Education problems in modern society

In modern conditions of development of society, the direction of education is determined by the unity of goals and content. Therefore, highlighting such directions in education as: mental, labor, moral, aesthetic and ideological and political, we will get a holistic educational system... In children, memory, attention, imagination are of an involuntary nature and are, as it were, intertwined with their cognitive activity, therefore, the activity should have a certain logic, but instead of intensive cognitive activity, we offer the child a passive one - at a computer or TV, thereby developing a “clip” thinking".

An important direction of the educational process is ideological and political education, which implies the formation in a child of the foundations of citizenship, a responsible attitude towards the family, his people and the Fatherland. Now you can quite often hear the following phrase from children: I’ll learn and leave this “terrible” country! Why are we so clogged the brains of our own children that they are already at this age ready to give up everything and start living in another country. The history of one's own people, settlement, family is nothing compared to material well-being, it is material well-being created by someone, and not by himself, that comes to the fore when formulating such a child's desire. We disaccustomed him to work, but we taught him and continue to do it successfully - to consume.

The essence of moral education lies in the formation of a child's system of attitudes towards society, other people, and himself. Probably, to the above educational directions, which were traditionally used in solving educational problems, it is necessary to add others. Now in modern society, new directions of educational work are being formed, such as economic and legal, they require their attention and detailed development. It's time to get rid of right-wing and economic nihilism and with early years to form in children the qualities that determine social behavior in conditions of legal and economic protection of the individual.

In the modern world, about 90% of the population is believers, therefore, the role of confessional education is great, and one should not close our eyes to this phenomenon. Like any innovation, the process of modernization of society has positive and negative sides, as well as negative side effects: the destruction of traditional institutions and lifestyles led society to social disorganization, chaos and anomie; scale up deviant behavior among children, adolescents and youth, youth crime has become the norm.

The question of interaction and relationships of different ages has been acute at all times. The worldview, principles, views on the world and a person's place in it have always been different among representatives of different generations.

So, for example, young people are a group that is still in a state of forming values ​​and ideals, assimilating traditions and customs existing in society. In a situation where society itself has no norms, the orientation of young people in the existing system becomes doubly problematic.

Now Russia has a minimum of workers, it is not fashionable to be workers, the factories are mostly idle, there are no peasants - farmers have appeared, and it is not clear who they work for. Basically, the whole country sells, mediates, steals, stands from churches and begs for alms, you can also cite a number of "new" so-called professions. Now all of us, if not lawyers, then economists, if not bankers, then insurance agents, and the rest are in the intervals between those and those. We stopped noticing that the consumer attitude to the world around us and to each other distorts our sense of time. All this leads to the destruction of interpersonal ties in people of different generations, and the worst thing is that such destructive processes occur in the youth environment. This destruction of the youth environment threatens the destruction of the entire society. Since we are talking about fundamentally new approaches in life management, then without relying on science and education, which we understand as a triad consisting of upbringing, training and personal development, this is impossible.

Consequently, removing the indifference of a person in relation to himself, his present and future, we will be able to launch creative processes in society even in the context of the modernization of the social system, relying on the combined efforts of the state and the family. To do this, it is necessary to encourage children from childhood to talk freely, to fantasize about scientific achievements, about possible options for the development of mankind, to use the latest technological advances in education only after the teachers have been thoroughly trained. Everything new must be introduced, carefully relying on the principle - do no harm. In a word, love for your Fatherland, for your people, is unthinkable without concern for its future.

Class hour moral education on the topic "What is politeness"

Targets and goals:

To instill in children a culture of behavior;

The desire to use polite words in your speech.

Preliminary work

Preparation of dramatizations of a poem on the topic class hour.

Class hour

Discussion of A. Barto's poem

Listen to A. Barto's poem about a schoolchild and think about whether this boy can be called polite.

Friends, here's just in case
Poems about one student:
His name is .. but by the way, it's better
We will not name him here.

He is often lazy
Say at the meeting: "Good afternoon!"
And he is shy, silent.
And at best "great"
He says hello instead.

"Thank you", "hello", "sorry"
He was not used to pronouncing.
The simple word "sorry"
His tongue did not prevail.

And instead of the word "goodbye"
He doesn't say anything.
Or say goodbye:
"Well, I went, bye, just ..."

Issues for discussion:

What words does the hero use when meeting and saying goodbye?

What words should you say?

What is "courtesy?" ( it is respectful of other people)

Why do you need to be a polite person?

What is the opposite quality to politeness? (rudeness)

Is it pleasant to communicate with a boor?

Playing situations

The teacher organizes work in teams. The team's task is to stage one of the poems. After the performances, the children discuss the situations they have played out. The first team dramatizes the poem "Lapusya" by S. Mikhalkov.

I do not know what to do -

I began to be rude to the elders.

Dad will say:

The door is open!

Pretend it, hero! -

I answer him angrily

I answer:

Close yourself!

At dinner, mom will say:

Bread, paw, pass it on! -

I whisper in reply stubbornly:

I can not. Give it yourself! -

I love my grandmother very much

All the same - and I am rude to her.

I adore my grandfather,

But I also object to my grandfather ...

I do not know what to do -

I began to be rude to the elders.

And they to me:

Darling,

Eat faster! The soup is getting cold! .. -

And they to me:

Sonny,

Should I put in another piece? -

And they to me:

Granddaughter,

Lie down, paw, on the side! ..

Why do you think a boy is rude to adults? ( children's answers)

We can learn about this from the following poem.

The second team dramatizes A. Barto's poem "Confession".

Go find out

Go understand

What happened to the guy

Eight years!

He is all, one miserable day,

I almost brought him to tears.

His name is - it stands like a tree stump,

As if it had grown into the ground.

- Don't drink raw water! -

Neighbor advises.

One glass, then another

Andryusha drinks back.

Go find out

Go understand

What happened to the guy

Eight years!

- You will come to dinner at three o'clock, -

His mother told him.

He muttered, `` I know myself ... ''

And he showed up at five.

- What about you, Andryushenka? -

And the son confessed to her:

- When I disobey you

I look older!

Why didn't you listen to Andryusha?

Did he really look older? Why? ( children's answers)

The third team dramatizes B. Zakhoder's poem "Very polite Turkey"

Settled
In the House
All of a sudden
Very Polite Turkey.

Thirty times a day
At least,
He shouted:
- Hey, you ignoramuses!
Come on in, or something, for a visit -
Learn from
Vezh-
whether-
re-
ty!
I myself, - Turkey shouted, -
Doctor of Polite Sciences,

And my wife is an example
Wonderful manners:
Even when she sleeps
It can be seen that she was brought up!

Don't be shy, Donkey!
Come in, sit down at the table!
Why are you silent like a fish?
Say: "I'll come, thanks!"
Don't be a pig, Pig. -
Waiting for you
My family!
Only earlier would
Washed
You are your pig's snout!

No matter how he fought,
but
Nobody went to Turkey -
No Cow,
No Dog,
Neither Khavronya,
No Donkey!

Turkey turned blue with anger:
- Do not go, impudent, to visit!
All work wasted in vain!
All of them are noodles!

What can you say about Turkey?

Why didn't anyone go to him? ( children's answers)

Reading the story of Y. Ermolaev "Spoken"

Sometimes it happens that a girl or a boy at school behaves politely, culturally, and at home they turn into completely different children.

Listen to this story and tell us how everyone knew the true face of Ira.

Mom and Dad bought Irochka a parrot. Ira immediately began training. She taught the parrot to meow, bark, say "hello guys!" and wanted to show it to my classmates. Let them know what a capable trainer she is. I got together with the parrot to school, and my grandmother asked her:

- Go, Irochka, to the store for tea.

- Here's another! - Irochka refused. - I am busy! Leave me alone! Every time she told her grandmother like that, when she asked her to do something: "Leave me alone!", "I have no time!" or "Here's another!" Ira took the cage with the parrot and carried it to school. Classmates surrounded Irochka:

- Just ask your parrot something! Let him answer.

- I'll ask now. Only you do not make noise, - ordered Ira and said to the parrot: - Say hello to the guys, Chico!

And the parrot, instead of saying “hello, guys!”, Ruffled all over and shouted to Irochka:

- Leave me alone!

The guys were surprised, and Ira was embarrassed, but immediately asked the parrot again:

- How does a cat meow? Meow at us, Chico. The parrot looked sideways at Irochka and creaked:

- Here's another!

- How does the dog bark? - Irochka asked almost crying. - Poop the dog, Chico!

- Very necessary! I am busy! - shouted the parrot and, jumping from one perch to another, turned away from Ira.

The guys laughed, and Ira got angry:

- How nasty you are, Chico! You don’t want to say anything.

- How does he not want to? - Vitya, the counselor, objected to Irochka. - He told us a lot. Well done, Chico!

Discussion of the story

Making a courtesy plan

We all live in a society, next to each other, therefore it is necessary to live in peace and harmony and lend a helping hand to each other. - I suggest you work in teams and draw up rules of courtesy.

The teacher and the children write the rules on the board.

First rule: always use polite words.

The teacher reads the poem "Good afternoon"

The day was gray, bad weather,
A shadow thickened over the ground.
- Good day!
A passerby said.
I answered:
- Good day!

After this moment
Until the end of the big day
For some reason the mood
Was kind
I have.

Rule two: if you offended someone, then apologize.

The teacher reads the poem "Politeness"

The mouse stepped on the elephant's leg.

For more than two minutes, the elephant could not step.

The mouse was upset: “Oh, what a pity! "

The mouse apologized: “I'm sorry, please! "

The elephant said: “Well, okay, it happens.

Politeness also helps with pain.

Rule three? If you made a mistake, then ask for forgiveness.

The teacher reads the poem "Sorry"

Daddy broke
A precious vase.
Grandma with mom
They frowned at once.

But dad was found:
I looked them in the eye
And timidly and quietly
"Sorry," he said.

And mom is silent
He even smiles ...
-We will buy another one,
There is better on sale ...

"Sorry!" Seemingly,
What is it about him?
But what
A wonderful word!

Discussion of the story

Magic words should not be forgotten, but the main thing is actions. After all, this can happen ...

There were two fish swimming in the river, one large and the other smaller. Together they were looking for food for a long time, and suddenly, out of nowhere, an appetizing worm appeared right in front of them.

This is mine, this is my worm, I was the first to notice it, ”the small fish cried, and began to roughly push the big fish away from the worm with its tail.

Please, I'm not sorry, eat it for health, said the fish and politely yielded to the worm.

That's right, - said the fish, - you need to give in to the little ones. And at the same time she thought: how stupid this fish is, how much strength it has, but it concedes tasty food. If I were as big and strong as she, I would not give a tasty worm to anyone, even if it was necessary, I would take it away by force.

The contented fish tasted the worm, and then took it and swallowed it whole. Suddenly, in an instant, the fish was gone, and an angry voice rang out from above the water:

Again, a small thing got hooked, and why isn't a big fish caught today?

Only now the fish realized that her polite act had saved her life. If she had not conceded a worm to a small fish, she would have had to cook in her ear today ...

What saved the big fish?

Are you inferior to small ones in life?

Summarizing

The teacher summarizes all the situations of the school hour and reminds the children of the norms of behavior in society.

I would like to finish the lesson with the following words of M. Cervantes: “Nothing costs us so cheaply and is not appreciated so much as politeness”.