What a hygienic and cosmetic procedure was born. A brief excursion into the history of cosmetology: from the beginnings to the present day

Spring is a time of renewal, freshness and beauty!
Today we present to your attention an interview with the Chief Physician of the Sofitel clinic for health and beauty, dermatocosmetologist Elsa Gazizova.

The Sofitel Health and Beauty Clinic was founded in 1998. Staying true to its principles, the clinic has been achieving excellent results for many years.

Ufamama (UM): Why did you choose this profession? What attracted you, what makes you happy, what upsets you?

Gazizova Elsa (G.E.): Each person chooses for himself one or another type of activity that suits him best in spirit and abilities, which attracts and inspires him. On the one hand, the profession of a cosmetologist is very demanding and responsible, but also grateful and interesting. My motivation choice is to be in beauty and give it to people in order to stay young for a longer time. It is very nice to see our regular customers in adulthood, who look at least 10 years younger than their peers.

UM: At what age should a woman start taking care of maintaining her beauty and youth, and how often should she visit a beautician? For example, many apply to cosmetology clinics in Ufa at the age of 40, when they become clear signs aging on the face.

G.E .: If we consider anti-aging salon procedures, then they can be start at age 25, and proper home care is necessary already with adolescence But, of course, it all depends on the individual characteristics of the skin condition, from proper care behind her, presence or absence bad habits, climatic conditions. But still, general recommendations such:

1. Starting out from the youngest school age it is very important to teach a girl (and a boy!) to wash correctly - to choose a gentle cosmetic product for washing, to teach the correct direction of movement - from the center of the face to the periphery without stretching or displacing the skin.

2. 12-16-25 years old- the most active work sebaceous glands, which is often troublesome. In the case of oily and / or combination skin, correctly selected facial cleansing and a cream that regulates the work of the sebaceous glands again come first. 1-2 times a week peeling and cleansing mask should be done at home.
In case of contaminated skin with pronounced blockage of pores, it is recommended to visit a beautician for a procedure for hygienic cleansing of the facial skin. Such cleaning is carried out in the office after softening the skin mechanically in compliance with all the rules of asepsis. How often should you clean your face? The answer is according to indications, as the pores become dirty, but no more than once a month, on average, once every 3-6 months. The procedure is unpleasant, but, unfortunately, other methods cannot free the pores, hardware methods cleanse the pores very superficially and are good to use between sessions of mechanical face cleansing.
If there are a large number of closed comedones ( eels), a dermatologist may prescribe medications to treat them, such as topical retinoids, or skinoren... With purulent acne sometimes antibiotic prescription required... But all of these drugs are prescribed by a doctor after the necessary examination.

3. from 25 years old shown cosmetic and hygienic massage courses 8-10 sessions 2 times a year usually in autumn and spring. From the same age, with normal skin of the face, a cream around the eyes is shown in the morning and in the evening. And, of course, day and night cream according to skin type.

4. from 32-35 years old in the beauty parlor, more active agents are connected to the massage - concentrates, various luxury procedures aimed at stimulating the skin's own cells, combating premature aging... Hardware techniques are good - ultrasound, microcurrents, iontophoresis... Chemical peels do not lose their relevance.
Recommended intensive care courses 2 times a year, and between them - supportive care - massage, masks.
It is possible to carry out the procedure biorevitalization- injection of hyaluronic acid (moisturizing gel) course 4-5 procedures according to the scheme. Sometimes it is required to conduct mesotherapy- introduction of vitamins, microelements, moisturizers into the dermis.

5. from 35 years old care products are introduced phytoestrogens- plant analogues of female sex hormones. Actual - chemical peels, mesotherapy, biorevitalization, botulinum toxin according to indications... Visit to the beautician Once a week for massage, beauty treatments.

6. after 40 years procedures include lifting ingredients... After visiting the beauty parlor - everything remains in effect, just the procedures are becoming more active, "age-related". They can be enhanced with hardware techniques - laser rejuvenation, ultrasound, microcurrents.
Sometimes it takes contour plastic(also injections that strengthen the oval of the face), introduction fillers(fillers) for deep folds (for example, nasolabial fold), to give puffiness to the lips. Shown retinoic (yellow) peeling courses in combination with mesotherapy. It is better to refrain from sunburn, especially intense sunburn.
Recommended taking phytoestrogens inside, vitamins for the skin of the "Imedeen" type.

7. Surgeons believe the first circular facelift can be done at 45 years old... Sometimes enough blepharoplasty when omitted upper eyelid... A good result is given by mesothreads, they can push back the term of plastic surgery.

8. And if you don't want to go to the surgeon? After 45-50 years, as they say, everything is possible! Nobody cancels intensive care with active ingredients 3-4 times a year, good massage, competent mesotherapy, hardware cosmetology.

UM: Do you often have to do “work on mistakes” for other specialists from this field? Recently, a lot of cosmetologists have appeared who offer their services not in a clinic, but much cheaper. They also offer care products and injections, claiming that this is the same as in clinics, but much cheaper.

G.E .: Not often, but it happens especially after the "home miracle of masters-cosmetologists".
I would like to protect our patients from visits " salons at home". It is important to do procedures in a clinic with a medical license, where, a priori, all drugs are certified, specialists have a state diploma and regularly improve their skills

UM: How to define a good beautician? What should be alarming?

G.E .: Your acquaintance should not begin with a survey of the price list and a message about the number of visits, but with identifying the sources of your problem and choosing specific procedures to solve it... A good specialist will interesting history of your illness, sleep, lifestyle, genetic predisposition, physical activity, nutrition and medications which you accept. Also, the doctor should be aware of your contraindications... A professional should have wide knowledge base, therefore, to any of your questions, he should give complete and correct answers... The physico-psychological or tactile contact of the doctor with the patient is also important. If something confuses you or any Negative consequences, then it is worth abandoning the procedure and choose another doctor or another procedure. Each qualified cosmetologist must have higher diploma vocational education in such a specialty as, for example, "pediatrics" or "general medicine". It should be noted that there is no specialty "doctor-cosmetologist" in medical universities, therefore, you should not trust a doctor who showed you a diploma with such a specialty. It's also a good idea to pay attention to the cabinet itself. Namely: storage of drugs, availability of certificates and modern equipment. Do not settle for home procedures, as no qualified specialist, even the most in-demand one, will agree to home injections. Please note that the damage to your health caused during the home procedure can be irreparable. Refuse the doctor who follows you. A good specialist must first listen to you, analyze the situation, form an opinion, and only then prescribe the necessary treatment. If the beautician is not familiar to you, then it is wiser to first do a minor and inexpensive procedure that will allow assess the degree of professionalism of a specialist... Competent treatment should not end with a visit to the salon. A good specialist is obliged to give you advice on lifestyle, as well as for home care to recommend products that will suit you in terms of quality and price.

UM: How does a person's mood and state of mind affect the condition of his skin?

G.E .: The face reflects the general condition of the whole organism, therefore basic rule of beauty- healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, peace of mind. And of course, regular home care and course procedures in the salon.
Most women, having noticed the first wrinkles on their skin, immediately start thinking about old age. Indeed, our skin after 30 years, unfortunately, is beginning to change far from the better. First, freshness disappears, mimic wrinkles, then smoothness and elasticity are lost, and our face begins to betrayed its age.
But! Studies confirm that the first age-related wrinkles should appear only at 60! Wrinkles and other bright age signs that appeared earlier - consequences sun exposure and stress... Much depends on emotional state to preserve the youthfulness of the skin as long as possible, you should avoid depression, stressful conditions, causeless fears and worries.

5 factors on which the youthfulness of the skin depends.

1. Nutrition. To maintain a beautiful complexion, you need a lot of vitamins and minerals. Eat plenty of vegetables to provide your body with all the nutrients it needs.
2. Stress. Stressful situations harm our health in general and our skin in particular. Stress can provoke the appearance of acne, acne, wrinkles, excess weight. Whenever you find yourself in a stressful situation, try to control it - start taking deep breaths, try to remain calm.
3. Physical activity. During physical exertion, toxins are actively removed from our body, it becomes healthier and brighter color faces. Exercise helps fight acne, excess weight, cellulite, makes us healthier, stronger, more flexible.
4. Moisturize your skin from the inside out. Drink plenty of water to help flush out toxins from the body and hydrate the skin from the inside out. Water plays one of the most important roles in maintaining youth and beauty. You need to drink up to two liters of plain clean water per day.
5. Skin care. Always use moisturizers to keep your skin hydrated and therefore youthful and healthy. Use face masks. Masks are an excellent and irreplaceable face care product. Always use day creams with sunscreens that will protect your skin from the harmful effects of UV rays. Exfoliate your skin regularly. With scrubs and exfoliating creams, you can instantly achieve a radiant complexion and smooth, delicate skin.

UM: Tell us a little about the Sofitel clinic. What services do you offer? What is the characteristic feature of the institution in which you work, what is its credo? What is your advantageous advantage over other clinics?

G.E .: The Sofitel Clinic offers a full range of cosmetology services - rejuvenation of the skin of the face and body using manual and hardware techniques, the most modern injection procedures, thread lifting, salon treatments, massages, peels, professional cosmeceuticals for home care, as well as the services of a master of manicure and pedicure.
Our clinic will celebrate 20 years since its opening this year... During this time, we have accumulated rich experience and earned the love and respect of our clients. Cosmetology is a rapidly developing field, and we keep up with it. The clinic's specialists annually improve their professional level by attending international congresses and symposia, educational seminars and trainings, seasonal exhibitions of the beauty industry.

We are pleased to offer our patients modern and effective medical cosmetology services!

The history of cosmetology is at least twenty thousand years old. The art of decorating your face and body dates back to prehistoric times - and in ancient times, both men and women used cosmetics equally.

Initial evidence of use cosmetics relate, surprisingly, to the ice age. Humanity took the first steps in the art of decorating itself in the caves of the Stone Age. These experiments just boiled down to painting the body and face and trying to somehow adapt a shell or pebble to oneself.

The ideas of decorating the face and body of each nation were very peculiar. The study of the means and techniques for improving appearance, practiced in ancient times, can plunge us into deep bewilderment, scare or make us laugh. And yet, paradoxically, it can teach a lot. Indeed, often the discoveries of modern science only confirm what our ancestors reached by experience and intuition. And although the fashion of the past centuries seems strange to us today, it served the same purposes as modern cosmetics - to decorate, hiding flaws and emphasizing what is considered beautiful.

The origins of cosmetology are common sense and functionality. It all started with an awareness of the need for personal hygiene, ritual coloring and a desire to stand out.

Ancient Egypt is considered the cradle of cosmetics, where cosmetics were known more than 4000 years ago. The first cosmetics guide was discovered in Egypt and was compiled by Cleopatra. Not so long ago, Italian scientists found the remains of this queen's perfume factory. Cleopatra and her Egyptian contemporaries dyed their hair and used various incense based on natural substances and herbs. During the excavations, a "cosmetic room" was discovered that belonged to the Egyptian queen Hatshepsut. And the priests were the best specialists in cosmetics. They were the keepers of recipes for making paints, essential oils and incense. Almost two hundred of these recipes were restored. In the tombs of ancient burials, vessels with ointments and various incense containing frankincense, myrrh, rose and lavender oil were found. Even then, cosmetics were used both for medicinal and purely decorative purposes.

The fashion of Egyptian beauties has survived to this day - to lengthen the eyes with a dark line along the eyelid towards the temple. Egyptians used for this a poisonous green pencil made of crushed malachite, and later - black paint made of burnt ivory and charcoal. Eyeliner not only by women, but also by men prevented inflammation of the eyelids from the blinding sun and dry wind. One of the world's oldest recipes has survived toilet water, the composition of which was composed of aromas of myrrh, calamus, juniper, cypress, coriander, mint and honey. The ancient Egyptians also used anise, cedar, caraway seeds, grapes, and even onions and garlic. The first written document containing a list of some kind of cosmetic rules was found in one of the Egyptian tombs. It was a giant recipe written 1500 BC. NS. priests on papyrus about 21 meters long. The papyrus contained a number of cosmetic recipes: how to smooth out wrinkles, dye hair, increase its growth, remove warts, etc. Some of the recipes given in this papyrus have not lost their significance at the present time.

Egypt was obviously one of the first, but by no means the only country where people learned to make and use cosmetics. Cosmetics are also widely used in the countries of the Ancient East. In ancient Persia, using plants, they made fragrant oils, ointments, paints. Such well-known herbal cosmetics as henna and basma are from ancient Persia. In the Ancient East, the art of decorating the face and body reached the highest development. The oriental woman's cosmetics kit included seven decorative means: henna, basma, nail paint, whitewash, blush, antimony, aromatic mixtures. The women of ancient India inked their eyebrows, dyed their eyelashes, gilded their lips and covered their teeth with brown paint. Strictly speaking, neither Egypt, nor Greece, nor later Rome, did not yet know the spirits in the modern sense of this word. The perfume was created by Arab alchemists, who discovered an effective and still used method of obtaining essential oil using steam distillation.

In ancient China grown woman I had to paint very strongly: there was a lot of white on the face, black eyebrows in the shape of an arc, teeth covered with a golden mixture, which gave them a characteristic shine. Women spared no effort and money on cosmetics, which they used very actively. High society women covered their faces to look sophisticated rice powder, and cheeks - blush, painted lips with lipstick the color of "ripe cherry". About naturalness and " day makeup"In ancient China there was no question, especially among those Chinese women who grew up in an aristocratic environment. Those who are simpler tried to keep up with them and found everything they needed in natural cosmetics, since it was available at all times. In ancient China, women from the very childhood they learned the rules of applying cosmetics, the ability to use blush, whitewash, and ink. ”There was an abundance of cosmetics and tools as in Egypt, Rome and Greece.

The art of Japan's geisha and their makeup are centuries old. Its origins begin around 1600 BC. Classic geisha look - white face, red lips, dark eyes and styled hair. Japanese women used lipstick made from wood wax, camellia seed oil, musk, camphor. Among the nobility, it was customary to completely shave off their eyebrows and draw green circles on their foreheads.

The ideal of beauty that existed in ancient Japan was strikingly different from today's standards. There was no question of natural, unadorned beauty in the circles of the highest aristocracy. The women used makeup and did it very actively. Japanese beauties thickly whitened their skin, covering up all defects on the face and chest, outlined their forehead along the edge of their hair with ink, shaved off their eyebrows and drew short, thick black lines instead. The hair was collected in a heavy, high knot, which was supported by a long patterned stick. From about 12-14 years old, after passing a special ceremony, girls began to blacken their teeth.

Since then, much has changed there, the influence of modern times and the idea of beauty have not escaped - now Japanese women, like Western beauties, on the contrary, strive for absolute whiteness of their teeth. Yet extraordinary vitality in Japan national traditions makes itself felt in the stability of the canons of beauty and, as a result, in addictions to certain types of cosmetics: the porcelain whiteness of the skin of the face is still in favor, and it is the lightening lines of cosmetics that are especially popular in Japan to this day.

Despite the fact that Greek mythology attributes the invention of beauty products to the goddess Aphrodite, and their distribution to Helen the Beautiful, the Greeks owe their acquaintance with cosmetics to the empire of the pharaohs. In Ancient Hellas, the cult of the beauty of the human body reached its climax. The Greeks introduced the word "cosmetics" into everyday life, which means "the art of decorating." The history of Ancient Greece also introduces us to the birth of the science of "cosmetology". In ancient Greece and Rome, slaves who were engaged in decorating the body and face of women were called cosmetes. Women turned to cosmetics for help, who by any means tried to mask cosmetic imperfections with the help of some rubbing, lotions and mixtures reminiscent of modern make-up. Some of the components of these recipes are still used in cosmetology. However, we emphasize that cosmetics are not only decorative, but also medicinal products. In Greece, there were qualified perfumers who prepared cosmetic preparations according to special recipes. Very famous people were also engaged in this. For example, the beautiful perfume was composed by the Greek Theophrastus from the city of Erez (372-287 BC), the founder of the science of botany, a student of Aristotle. The father of medicine, Hippocrates, wrote essays on cosmetology in four volumes, which spoke about cosmetic imperfections and famous cosmetics. In his writings you can find tips and recipes for rubbing for women with faded skin, means for eliminating odor from the nose, mouth, compositions for cleaning teeth, for softening the skin and eliminating age spots faces, as well as a huge number of other cosmetic recipes.

The greatest flowering of cosmetics was in Ancient rome... The Romans, with their characteristic thoroughness, took up cosmetics in earnest in the 1st century AD. Pliny the Elder described in detail the cosmetics that the Romans used every day: a cleansing and moisturizing lotion made from almond oil with milk, lead white for the face, a special hair soap that dyes it red, and tooth powder made from pumice. and shredded horn. In particular, he wrote: "Small snails, sun-dried on roof tiles, then powdered and diluted with a decoction of beans, are an excellent cosmetic that makes the skin white and soft." The famous Roman physician Galen (about 130-200 AD) left to descendants scientific works on cosmetics. He is the author of the first systematic textbook on cosmetics. In his works, Galen distinguished cosmetics in order to mask cosmetic imperfections (i.e. make-up) and cosmetics to preserve natural beauty, emphasizing the connection between cosmetics and medicine. Galen proposed a formulation of a cooling ointment, which became the prototype of a cream with a cooling effect.

Numerous cosmetic recipes are given in the work "Canon of Medicine", written by the famous physician and scientist Avicenna. He not only developed diagnostics and treatment methods for cosmetic skin diseases, but also suggested preventive measures on their warning. Avicenna believed that many cosmetic skin imperfections are associated with the general condition of the body.

In the Middle Ages in Europe, the development of cosmetics stalled, as the church persecuted those who tried to care for their sinful body. But in the Renaissance by the 16th century, it again became widespread in Europe, although it was more decorative than medicinal in nature - people began to blush cheeks, paint their lips, eyebrows, eyelashes and sprinkle their wigs with powder.

In the 16th century, along with high hairstyles, pale skin, a strong blush contrasting with the skin, and all kinds of flies and moles were in fashion. This fashion was explained quite simply: the smallpox raging at that time did not spare anyone, and every woman had some kind of skin defects that needed to be hidden somehow.

By the 17th century, powder had become especially popular. She was mixed with egg white and applied to the face in a very thick layer - the thicker the better. Queen Elizabeth I of England painted the vessels of the face on the layer of powder in order to emphasize (imitate, of course) the transparency of the skin. A little later, flies appeared - pieces of black and red plaster, which covered the pockmarks on the face. In the 18th century, fake eyebrows made from pieces of mouse skins came into vogue. Cork balls were placed behind the cheeks to emphasize the roundness of the face. Even very young faces that did not need any adornments were adorned with whitewash and blush.

From the middle of the 18th century. cosmetics began to develop as a modern science - the era of scientific research in the cosmetic field began. It was then that the King of France instructed the Academy of Sciences to find out how safe blush and other cosmetics are for health. The famous chemist of that time, Antoine Lavoisier, had to do this. Later, shampoo replenished the slender ranks of cosmetics - about a century ago in Germany, Hans Schwarzkopf first proposed a powdered version of a detergent, and finally, in 1933, a prototype of a modern shampoo was created - an alkaline hair wash.

We draw information about the use of cosmetics in Russia from written sources. One of such testimonies is an essay called "Mazi" written in the 30s of the XII century by the granddaughter of Vladimir Monomakh Zoya (Eupraxia). It provides advice on body care, dandruff recipes, halitosis remedies, and teeth cleaning along with information on various diseases and treatments. Plants known to our distant ancestors were successfully used later. In the popular magazine "Economic Store", which has been published in Russia since 1780, numerous tips for caring for your appearance were printed, all kinds of cosmetics were recommended, for example, a decoction of Sorochin millet, which needs to wash their face every night before going to bed, remedies for age spots - camphor, myrrh, etc. In Russia, namely, in Moscow at the end of the 18th century, the merchant K.P. Geek opens the first perfume and cosmetics factory. In the middle of the 19th century, there were already several such factories: Brokara, Ralle (now "Svoboda"), etc. In 1908, Russia adopted a circular giving the right to take care of face and body only to graduates of massage and medical gymnastics schools.

From the middle of the 19th century, the Russian cosmetics industry began to develop actively.

Cosmetology as a separate area of medical activity came to Russia in the XX century. This technological science took its first steps back in 1930, when the first "medical cosmetics room" was opened in Moscow, which, expanding, by 1968 turned into the "Institute of Beauty". And in 1937, by order of the People's Commissar of the Food Industry A. Mikoyan, the Institute of Cosmetics and Hygiene of Glavparfyumerprom was established in Moscow, reorganized in 1966 into the Moscow Research Institute of Cosmetology, and later into the Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology. In Leningrad in 1961 was opened " Cosmetology clinic No. 84 ", which in everyday life began to be called the Institute of Beauty. It was located in the house of Prince M.V. Kochubei on the Boulevard of Trade Unions, now Konnogvardeisky, building 7, and its predecessors were departments in Maksimillianovskaya hospital, city hospital number 28 and city polyclinic number 81. Now the "firstborn" in our city is known as the "Institute of Beauty at Gorokhovaya, 6".

Perhaps, it was from the 60s of the last century that Russian cosmetology began to really get on its feet.

Today cosmetology combines the scientific achievements of dermatology, biology, microbiology, chemistry, dietetics, hygiene and other medical disciplines in order to maintain healthy skin, hair and nails, as well as correct cosmetic imperfections of both the face and figure.

Cosmetology is also called a direction in applied aesthetics, whose specialists, with the help of a whole arsenal of modern equipment, innovative methods, medicines and cosmetics, are engaged in the formation of a harmonious image of a person in accordance with the modern understanding of beauty.

Cosmetology, not without reason, is called a science, art, or an independent field of medicine. All these definitions are correct, and yet none of them exhausts the concept of "modern", in which there are two directions - aesthetic and medical (medical). Aesthetic cosmetology helps to carry out full-fledged skin care, hide imperfections in appearance, emphasize the beauty of a person, while the object of its attention is people with practically healthy skin. Doctors-cosmetologists or aesthetists who do not have higher medical education can practice in this area. Aesthetists cannot engage in medical manipulations that violate the integrity of the skin (contour plastics, mesotherapy, botulinum toxin injections, medium and deep peels, laser resurfacing, etc.), treat dermatological diseases, prescribe medications. All these areas require serious medical training, and they are dealt with by a medical medical cosmetology... For a long time, there were disputes about the right to exist of a separate specialty - a cosmetologist, the generally accepted profession was a dermatocosmetologist, which was represented by dermatovenerologists who received special training in cosmetology.

Since July 2009, the specialty "cosmetology" has been officially approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and included in the State nomenclature of medical specialties. The work of a cosmetologist requires from him not only knowledge in the basic specialty - dermatology, but also the development of traditional and innovative physiotherapy methods and skills for solving aesthetic problems using modern equipment, awareness of the latest achievements in the field of restorative medicine, gynecology and endocrinology, dietetics, gerontology , the so-called antiaging medicine and, of course, psychology. Increasingly to to cosmetologists patients come with a desire to suspend the aging process, to neutralize the signs of age-related changes. Solving aesthetic and purely medical problems related to a person's appearance, a cosmetologist can increase his self-esteem, relieve complexes and other problems in communicating with the outside world, and therefore improve his quality of life.

At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, cosmetology received a new impulse in development, which is associated with the expansion of hardware capabilities. Large companies for the production of medical equipment and pharmaceuticals began to pay attention to it, as a branch of medicine. As if from a cornucopia, new devices and methods of exposure to the skin of the face and body that were not previously used began to appear: radio wave (RF) lifting, various types of lasers - from CO2 to neodymium, iridium, cold, etc., focused ultrasound exposure with the formation of necrosis zones at the SMAS level, ultrasound exposure with the effect of cavitation, exposure to light energy with different wavelengths - for hair removal, laser rejuvenation, sclerotherapy of small vessels, devices for local cryolipolysis, the use of microplasma technology in cosmetology, as well as the combined use of the above methods, often in one device, which in some cases leads to their synergism.

And last but not least, some techniques have found applications in plastic surgery such as RF and lasers. Their use made it possible to make surgical interventions less invasive, shorten the rehabilitation time after surgery and achieve better results.

But pharmacology does not stand still. Take, for example, fillers - at the dawn of their appearance, silicone-based preparations and other non-absorbable gels were used, which ultimately led to many side effects, both cosmetic and in terms of harm to health. Continuous progress in this area has given us a whole line of preparations based on hyaluronic acid - at first not stabilized, but later stabilized, which made it possible to achieve a more lasting effect from the use of fillers. And now the next step is being taken in this area - new biodegradable components are used in fillers - polycaprolactone (pcl) and carboxymethyl cellulose, which has led to a significant increase in the effective life of the biodegradable filler in tissues - up to 4 years. Unlike gels based on stabilized hyaluronic acid, which have a lifespan of about 1 year.

Also, new drugs for mesotherapy appear - hydropeptides that affect collagen synthesis and act at the cellular level, as well as on the verge of therapy and surgery - threads for skin tightening, with special laser incisions - like polypropylene, which can remain in tissues for a long time and completely biodegradable, based on lactic acid.

You can talk about all the new products that appear in therapeutic cosmetology for an infinitely long time, but most importantly, they allow less resort to the plastic surgeon's scalpel. And, today, this is the most positive feature of the constantly developing therapeutic cosmetology!

Khachaturyan M.R. Chief Physician of the Institute of Beauty on Gorokhovaya

Every day our skin is exposed to a large number of harmful effects: sun, wind, frost and dust. Because of this, unpleasant rashes (acne, comedones) appear on the face, as well as dryness and pigmentation. Hygienic face cleansing will help eliminate skin problems and restore radiance and beauty to it.

Cosmetologists consider this procedure to be very important. In women (at any age), it is performed more often than in men. This cleaning will suit every skin type. But first, it is important to read about all the features of hygienic face cleansing.

What you need to know about facial cleansing?

It should be noted that after the first session, many unpleasant skin problems are eliminated. But this procedure should become a must-have facial care program. The visit to the beautician will depend on the condition of the skin. If it is dry - once every three or four months, oily - once a month. Oily / problem skin of the face certainly requires frequent use of the procedure. Otherwise, dirt will begin to accumulate in the sebaceous ducts, inflammation and a rash will appear.

Varieties of hygienic facial cleansing methods:

Chemical.
Mechanical.
Laser.
Ultrasonic.
Vacuum.

Technique for hygienic cleansing of the face (from acne, sebaceous plugs, blackheads, dryness, etc.)

Pigmentation, acne, acne and dryness are very common problems among both women and men. In cosmetology salons, they propose to competently and painlessly carry out an "operation" to eliminate all the unpleasant moments on the face. This procedure has several ways of performing: from mechanical cleaning to the use of newfangled equipment.

Mechanical

The procedure for such a treatment of the skin (more suitable for removing acne) is carried out using sterilized instruments: Vidal's needle, strainer, Uno spoon. Mechanical cleaning may be suitable for sensitive skin as the tools do not injure the skin in the process.

After treatment with a special tonic, the skin is exposed to steam. This is done with a vaporizer or water bath. Next, the beautician removes acne, pimples and comedones. During the "operation", the specialist disinfects the treated area and the used instrument to avoid infection. When the cleansing is complete, the beautician applies a soothing mask to the face. After removing the mask, applies a moisturizing serum.

Beauticians recommend to postpone mechanical cleaning of the skin on the face on weekends. All this is due to the fact that the skin is exposed to microdamage and does not look its best.

Chemical

Chemical peeling is done using substances containing a certain amount of acids (salicylic, glycolic and fruit). They fit under different type skin. For normal use fruit acid, for fatty - glycolic, for dry - salicylic.

The stage of hygienic cleansing of the face takes place by destroying the upper layer of the epidermis, along with this, all rashes and inflammations disappear:

After the beautician has removed makeup and prepared the skin for the procedure, he applies a mask that contains fruit acids. It will help warm up the desired area and protect against burns.
Then the specialist removes the mask and uses an active preparation containing an acid that eliminates dead cells skin, sebaceous plugs and acne.
Now it's the turn of the soothing mask. It will tighten pores and restore treated skin.
The final step in this process is the application of a special cream. The duration of cleansing the face does not take much time - about 20 minutes.

Laser

This cleaning method uses a special apparatus. Using a laser beam, it is directed to the skin. During the process, the upper layer of the epidermis is burned out, and new cells begin to grow in this place. Laser cleaning consists of three main steps: preparation of the facial skin for the procedure (cleansing and make-up removal), short-term removal of problem areas with a laser beam, and application of a soothing mask.

Reviews of hygienic face cleansing with a laser are as follows: it renews the cells of the skin, makes the face firm and elastic, eliminates acne, comedones and even some scars and scars.

Ultrasonic

This is a modern method of cleansing problem areas on the face using a special installation - an ultrasonic scrubber. The principle of action of the waves has a massage effect on the skin. This opens the pores and improves blood circulation.

Another plus: facial steaming is not required, unlike previous methods.

Step by step plan of the procedure:

To begin with, the face is cleansed with a special tonic, then the beautician applies a cream.
Pointing at problem area the device, the specialist equips it with an overlay and produces the process of exposure to ultrasonic waves. As a result, the sebaceous ducts are opened and the "dead" cells of the epidermis are removed.
To relax the skin, the beautician applies a mask.
Then the cream is again applied to the face.

Vacuum

This type of hygienic face cleansing includes the function of lymphatic drainage massage. All action takes place with the help of a vacuum apparatus, which draws in the contents of the sebaceous ducts due to negative pressure.

The stages of this method are as follows:

Makeup removal and face cleansing.
Steaming pores with a vaporizer.
Then the beautician moves a vacuum suction cup over the skin in a circular motion, removing all impurities.
Application of a soothing mask to tighten pores.
The facial treatment ends when the specialist applies a moisturizer.

What is the usefulness of the procedure?

Facial cleansing performed by a professional (beautician) is a process that has only one advantage:

Getting rid of dead cells.
Transformation of the skin: it becomes healthy and toned.
Activation of protective skin options.
Elimination of dryness.
Removal of acne and blackheads.
Smoothing wrinkles.
Visible facial rejuvenation.

Can peeling be done during pregnancy?

For women who are in position, hygienic treatment of the face can be done, but only without the use of current. For example, there is such a method as desincrustation, or cleaning is carried out using the Darsonval apparatus. Electric currents can adversely affect the health of a pregnant woman and lead to undesirable consequences.

The main thing is that when planning a visit to a beautician, a woman should listen to her body. If you feel good and there are no unpleasant sensations during the procedure, then you can safely go for peeling.

Facial cleansing at home

It so happens that a girl or woman has no money or time to visit beauty salons. Why she does the cleaning herself.

But this must be carried out in accordance with all safety rules:

Use instruments that have been sterilized before the procedure.
If pain occurs, then you must stop cleaning your face.
Before starting the "operation", the skin must be steamed to avoid injury.
At the end of the procedure, the treated area should be disinfected with hydrogen peroxide.

Before opening your own beauty salon, you need to know what the requirements are for it.

The procedures carried out in the beauty parlor are contact. Based on the interests of customers, as well as their own, it is necessary to comply with sanitary regulations and safety standards.

1. Sanitary and hygienic standards

For one workplace, 12 m2 should be allocated, with at least 6 m2 for one chair.
For the implementation of cosmetological invasive measures, you need: the office itself, additional premises (a waiting room of 6 m2, a locker room, a technical room for storing materials for work, inventory, a bathroom).
Lighting is presented in three types: main artificial (closed-type lamps, placed on the ceiling), natural daylight, local (lamps).
The ventilation system works naturally with the help of transoms or artificially with the help of a fan.
Cold / hot water available.
There is a sewerage system.
Wall decoration: tiles, either painted or covered with wallpaper.
The color scheme of the walls assumes not bright, pleasing to the eye, pastel colors.
The color scheme of curtains or blinds matches the walls.
The ceiling must be washable, the coating is water-based paint.
Floor covering: linoleum, tiles, quartz-vinyl.
All materials used in finishing work must have certificates of quality and compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
Temperature range: from 16 to 21 degrees Celsius.
The smell in the room should be fresh enough, without the presence of pronounced specific aromas.
Furniture used in the office must be hard or soft, washable, polished. The prohibited material for furniture is plush and suede.

For cosmetic procedures based on a violation of the epidermal layer, for example, injections of fillers with hyaluronic acid, piercing, tattooing, a separate room should be equipped:

a) with water supply;
b) germicidal lamps;
c) a closed container for soaking and processing instruments before sterilization;
d) disinfection containers for different surfaces;
e) Sterilization equipment;
f) measuring containers for dilution of detergents and disinfectants.

2. Requirements for the equipment of the beauty parlor

Functional beauty chair with armrests and headrests.
Cosmetology couch.
Working chair covered with washable material (screw, with backrest, with casters).
Tables for medicines, cosmetic products and special equipment.
Furniture for visitors (wardrobe, upholstered furniture, chairs).
Household refrigerator.
Medicine cabinet.
Bedside table for sterile instruments.
Linen cabinet (for storing fresh linen).
Stand for steam baths.
Mirror.

3. List of equipment and requirements for it

For darsonvalization procedures, Ultraton requires the presence of HDTV.
For galvanization, electrophoresis, impulse currents of low frequency and low voltage are required.
For procedures for electrical stimulation of the facial muscles and muscles of the body, a low-frequency pulse current is also required.
Ultrasound requires mechanical vibrations.
Equipment for phototherapy, laser and ultraviolet radiation.
Equipment for steam baths, for water steaming procedures different types(e.g. a vaporizer or steam bath).
A magnifying lamp with the required number of diopters, while the central part must be properly magnified, or a conventional lamp plus magnifying glasses is used.
For epilation procedures - a combined epilator.
For depilation procedures - a depilatory device (with warming up wax).
For ear piercing procedures, a special pistol is required (an appropriate certificate for the instrumentation is required).
Scales.
Tonometer (electronic, mechanical).
Thermometer.
For sterilization measures - bixes, a sterilizer using ultraviolet irradiation or a dry oven, or a thermo-sterilizer and an autoclave for towels, sheets, etc.

4. List of necessary medical and cosmetic products:

Camphor alcohol;
boric acid, 3% alcohol solution;
96 percent alcohol;
three - and six percent hydrogen peroxide;
iodine;
alcohol tincture of calendula;
potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
paraffin;
cotton wool (sterile, non-sterile);
bandages (sterile, non-sterile);
talc;
soap (lumpy, liquid);
lotions for cleansing the face;
face tonics;
face cleansers (foams, emulsions, gels, etc.);
means for carrying out makeup remover (milk, micellar water, tonic, etc.)
creams (moisturizers, nourishing);
scrubs and peels of various types;
masks of different directions;
pharmacy herbs;
a special first aid kit for the implementation of first aid, in which the presence of ammonia, heart drugs (nitroglycerin, validol), antihistamines is mandatory.
first-aid kit against AIDS, which contains albucid, protorgol, potassium permanganate in bags, ethyl alcohol 70 percent.

5. List of medical instruments (with an average of 8-10 clients per day):

Tweezers (about 5 pieces);
epilation tweezers (about 4 pieces);
Uno spoon;
a spatula for applying masks, creams (about 3 pieces);
forceps;
clamps;
various hinges for cleaning (about 5 pieces);
disposable needles (about 35 pieces);
rubber gloves;
scissors (2-3 pieces);
utensils for making masks different sizes(about 10-12 pieces);
sponges (about 6 pieces);
measuring cups.

6. List of soft (tissue) inventory:

Special dressing gown (3 pieces);
sheet (about 5 pieces);
towel (change daily, from 5 pieces);
protective hats (hats, headbands about 25 pieces);
compressors (10 pieces);
napkins (20-30 pieces);
negligee (20-22 pieces);
chair headrests (20-22 pieces);
disposable panties (for depilation procedures);

7. List of cleaning equipment:

Urns;
basket for used linen;
waste bags;
container for sanitizing the room (about 4 pieces);
container for soaking inventory (2 pieces);
Furniture: a trolley for tools, a display cabinet for cosmetics, a bedside table for clean linen;
mirrors (near the sinks, near the cosmetic couch).

8. List of disinfectants:

Hydrogen peroxide 6%;
detergents;
chloramine;
chlorhexidine bigluconate;
vercon;
defect (valid for about two weeks).

9. Regulatory framework and a list of basic documentation regulating the functioning of the cosmetology office

B. List of main documents:

License (with attachment);
Acts on admissions of the Central State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, fire protection, medical equipment.
Certificate of conformity.
The staffing table of employees.
Employee qualification documents.
Contracts for the provision of services by doctors-dermatologists.
Price list.
Instructions on the operation of the apparatus.
Passports, instructions and certificates.
Description of the applied techniques, methods and technologies.
Accompanying documentation for cosmetic products.
Book of complaints and suggestions.
Procedural log.
Physiological equipment journal.
Autoclaving log.
Sanitary book.
Journal for accounting receipts.
Cash machine.
Receipts.
Outpatient cards (entered for each client in the form of F 25-u-04).
Medical records of patients undergoing apparatus therapeutic / rejuvenating procedures (entered for each patient in the form F 044u).
Cabinet quartzing schedule.
Schedule of the beauty salon / cabinet.

10. Rules and techniques of performed cosmetic procedures

All types of cosmetic rejuvenating, non-invasive measures are prescribed by a dermatovenerologist, who additionally specializes in cosmetology and physiotherapy procedures in cosmetology. If necessary, additional consultations are prescribed with doctors of narrow specialization.
All types of invasive cosmetology measures are prescribed after additional examination.
All appointments are recorded in an outpatient card (Form F 25) and a procedural journal (Form F 044u).
Before and after the procedure, it is mandatory to diagnose its results using basic and specific definitions.

a) Basic definitions : body temperature, blood pressure and pulse, weight.
b) Special criteria : testing of skin turgor, studying the type of skin, test for detecting cellulite, bacterioscopic examination for acne (acne), determining BMI (body mass index).

Ministry of Education R.F.

Department of Science Education under the Administration of the Tyumen Region

Lyceum number 13

Written examination paper

Theme: Tall "Nail Art"

Profession: Manicurist

Performed: Zimina N.V.

Checked: L.V. Lieberman

Tyumen 2003

Introduction 2

From the history of manicure 3

Professional ethics 4

Hygiene in the beauty salon 6

Tall Nail Art 9

Drawing technique 10

"Marble Technique" 11

Weaving technique 12

Nail Art Technique Using Jewelry 16

Adhesive Decorations 16

Nail piercing 16

Nail design combined with tattoo 17

List of used literature 18

Introduction

As the great classic rightly noted: "You can be an efficient person and think about the beauty of your nails." What are our hands and nails talking about? About many things. Neither careful makeup nor elegant hairstyle nor expensive dress do not compensate for unkempt nails with loose varnish. By shaking hands when meeting, you give yourself a full description, hands are your business card. Cracked, peeling nails give away a painful condition and cause self-doubt. Healthy beautiful nails Demonstrate your great well-being, which earns the respect of others.

In order to look young and well-groomed, your hands require more attention than the skin of any other part of the body. After all, there are not so many fat cells under the skin of the hands as under the skin of the face and body, and they are the first to start giving out our age. Most of the leading Western firms in the field of manicure services have long abandoned the traditional manicure, in which the keratinized cuticle skin is trimmed. Damage to living tissue that occurs during this process can lead to infection, the formation of felon and burrs. In addition, such a manicure retains a good look no more than 5-6 days. Unfortunately, not everyone is given this by nature. Only a few lucky ones were lucky to be born with beautiful and strong nails. But, do not be upset, a solution to the problem has been found.

From the history of manicure

Manicure has more than a thousand years of history. Already in Ancient Egypt, nails were stained with henna and various plant dyes. Women of noble birth even had special "manicure kits". The manicure technique in the East has been improving for hundreds of years, but in Europe it became popular only in the 19th century, at the same time it came to Russia. Moreover, not only women, but also men began to zealously watch their hands. Baths, massages, special polishing tools made hands sleek and well-groomed, and nails smooth and shiny.

For a long time, manicure was the prerogative of wealthy people, business card their belonging to the upper strata of society. Now manicure is available to everyone, and any woman can set aside at least an hour a week for this procedure.

Twenty years ago, a great discovery was made in the field of the global beauty industry. It happened in America. The company that manufactures components for porcelain teeth has new customers - manicurists. It turned out that these components are suitable for the formation of artificial nails. The owners of the company quickly found their bearings and created a special laboratory to adapt their products for new purposes. Today artificial nails are fashionable and popular. In the United States, where they first appeared, 90 percent of American women wear them. There are several different nail shaping techniques. The light method, which was presented in Germany in 1985, is one of the most popular and harmless to natural nails.

Another popular method is acrylic powder nails from the American company OPI. Since 1952, OPI has been creating and improving technologies for the production of dental filling materials. In 1981, responding to the demands of the times, the company's specialists proposed four technologies for the formation of artificial nails, for which US patents were obtained.

Professional ethics

Human relationships are built on knowledge of the psychology of other people. Your professionalism manifests itself in self-esteem, mastery of a specialty and in the attitude you show to others.

Good learning habits and traditions lay the foundation for a successful career. Here are some guidelines to follow to help you build confidence and perform well.

1. The customer should be greeted in a personal, polite manner. Address him by name only when he himself wishes it.

2. Be polite and helpful. This is very important if you want to have regular customers.

3. Consider the mood of the client. Some people like to be quiet and relaxed, others like to talk. Know how to listen and maintain a conversation on topics of interest to the client. Never gossip or tell stories of questionable content.

4. Choose your topics of conversation carefully. Having a pleasant conversation helps build friendships.

5. The ability to create a pleasant impression of yourself is an integral part of good work. Clients trust a craftsman who looks good, as in this he kind of demonstrates his capabilities. Never forget this!

6. Cultivate a sense of self-worth.

7. Show interest and genuine concern for the client's preferences. As you talk, look at him and focus completely on the conversation.

8. Be diplomatic if there are disagreements on any issue.

9. Do your job as best you can. Improve your skills.

10. Be tactful when offering additional services or skin and nail care products to the client.

11. You should always be aware of new products and services in the field of cosmetology and offer them to customers rather unobtrusively.

12. In the event of a disagreement, deal with the situation immediately.

13. The client must be sure that you comply with all sanitary standards.

14. You also need to know and follow the laws, rules and regulations in your industry.

Hygiene in the beauty salon

Craftsmen and customers in the consumer services industry are exposed to most of the risk of infection on a daily basis. Therefore, great importance must be attached to the hygiene of the beauty salon.

Single-celled plant microorganisms, which are visible only under a microscope, are characterized by a huge variety of species that can exist in a wide variety of conditions. These include bacteria, microscopic fungi, viruses, etc.

In order to fight infections, bacteria and viruses, you need to know how they get into the salon. There are the following possible routes for their entry:

1. Dirty tool. Microbes thrive on dirty files, napkins, tools and tables.

2. Dirty hands and nails of clients. Each customer who comes to the salon can bring in a whole bunch of bacteria.

3. You and your colleagues who are currently having a cold, sneeze and cough.

4. Abrasions and cuts on your hands and those of clients.

5. Objects through which pollution occurs. This is first and foremost door handles, towels, chairs, table, and indeed all interior items in your salon.

There are two methods of interior cleaning: sterilization and disinfection.

Sterilization- complete cleansing from microorganisms of various substances, animals, humans, instruments. Disinfection Is a set of measures for the destruction of pathogens of infectious diseases.

From the above definitions, it can be concluded that sterilization is possible and necessary for all instruments and devices that are used in manicure. When treating the cuticle with forceps or nail scissors, there is always the possibility of a cut in the skin. The blood of an infected client gets onto the instrument. Failure to comply with the rules for its processing can lead to the fact that the virus from the instrument will get on the skin of the next client and cause his infection.

The main methods of disinfection are:

· Chemical (the objects to be treated are placed in an antiseptic solution, such as chloramine, alaminol, septodor, 96% ethyl alcohol, Karetnikov's liquid, disinfection solution).

· Ionizing radiation (mainly ultraviolet rays).

Currently, the salons use all of the above methods of cleansing. However, it should be noted that before sterilization, it is necessary to pre-wash all instruments in warm running water with soap or a similar preparation, dry them dry and then undergo one of the types of treatment. V beauty salons there is also a large number of tools, items and equipment that do not require such tough processing. The main disinfection method in the cabin is wet disinfection, i.e. processing items with a disinfectant solution. As such drugs, you can use aqueous solutions of chemicals, namely, 1% chloramine solution. For a successful fight against bacteria and microbes in the cabin, it is necessary to carry out the following measures:

· Every master of the salon must have disinfectants and be able to use them correctly;

· Carry out processing of the workplace and tools after each client;

· Store all processed instruments, towels, napkins in sterile trays;

· Wash towels, napkins at a temperature of at least 90 0 С, and then iron them thoroughly and place them in a sterilizer for treatment with ultraviolet rays. Since the methods for complete disinfection of wipes are too complicated, it is better to give preference to disposable wipes;

· Have good ventilation in the cabin;

· Use in work only files that can be disinfected;

· Wash hands after clients;

· Work with clients with gloves if he has open wounds on his hands (meaning cuts, abrasions, etc.);

· Immediately remove the used dirty tool from the table;

· It is advisable to use an apparatus for sterilizing instruments;

· Do not allow clients suffering from infectious skin diseases to service, refer them to a dermatologist in the correct form.

Tall "Nail Art"

Basic nail art tools. To make your nails fantasy come true, you may need:

1. Flat brush - for nail priming (choose one that would be slightly narrower than our nail).

2. Brushes of different thicknesses - to apply fine lines.

3. Brush with a styrofoam tip (color-shainer) for applying pictures.

4. Stencils for applying standard patterns - in case we want to decorate our nails as quickly as possible.

5. Various adhesives or rhinestones.

6. Thin sticks or needles - for weaving patterns on nails, sequins, metal threads, pearls, polka dots, small feathers.

7. Small tweezers with flat ends - for the convenience of working with rhinestones.

8. Airbrush gun - for professionals or those who have already "filled their hand": the airbrush is filled with water-soluble acrylic paint and has a small nozzle (0.2 mm) through which the paint is discharged. This professional tool for nail art allows you to create real works of art on your nails.

9. Varnishes. For certain nail art techniques, special varnishes are available. But you can create beautiful designs with "regular" varnishes. For the base, persistent, basic colors are used. colors dense varnishes. For drawing - bright shiny varnishes.

10. Special fixers, fixing patterns on the nails.

Of course, all of the above is the perfect set for nail art. If you are not yet able to acquire everything you need, do not be discouraged. The simplest nail design techniques will help you create fancy designs.

Two-tone design it is difficult to call it a design - here all imagination is reduced to a minimum: the nail is covered with varnish in two colors (Fig. 2).