Probably, many parents are wondering, a child aged 2 to 3 years old - what is he like? Of course, we can think that a child is just like us, only small. And on the one hand, this is true. In the sense that a little man is worthy of attention and respect for his rights and desires, no less than any adult. On the other hand, in order for us to be able to act on the basis of the vital needs of the child, we must understand what is happening inside him, how his psyche is arranged. And yet it is arranged somewhat differently than that of an adult.

For example, a child at this age is completely different. time perception... To be more precise, the child simply does not yet have the perception of time. For him, only the present exists. What matters is what is happening right here and now. The child reacts emotionally only to what he directly perceives. All your attempts to appeal to the near future are simply not perceived yet. He is not able to be upset that troubles await him in the future or to rejoice in advance that he will not be presented soon enough.

In this regard, let us remember our kids in their first days in kindergarten. When parting with mom is a tragedy. And, most importantly, consolations like: "I'll be back soon" or "Mom will come soon" - they cannot calm the baby. Here and now he is acutely experiencing the pain of separation, and the future for him does not exist yet (not in the literal sense, of course, but in his perception of reality). And as soon as the mother leaves, the child soon calms down. Parting is a thing of the past, it is not remembered, the acuteness of the experience subsides.

At the age of 2, the child, of course, is no longer so addicted to mom as it was, say, a year. Until the age of one year, the existence of a child separately from the mother is biologically, let's say, little possible. The mother is for him a source of food, warmth, care. And the baby at this time feels himself with his mother as one single whole, does not represent himself from her separately. The strength of this attachment weakens at 2 years, but still remains sufficient. The child is now very dependent on parents, emotionally tuned in to them, needs their support, participation, participation. They are a guarantee of security for him. He expects from an adult direct participation in all his affairs and the joint solution of any task before him. Peers are not yet of particular interest, children at this age play "side by side, but not together."

We must take this feature of the kids into account when we bring them to the kindergarten for the first time. The calmness of the parents who bring the baby to the garden is the guarantee of his own calmness. This is your support, the very security that the little one needs so much. If the parents are calm and confident that nothing will happen to the baby, it will be good for him that the kindergarten is a joy and blessing - the baby will be calm, he will get used to kindergarten faster and more safely.

It is also important that a child at this age does not yet have any control over his more emotional manifestation... He may have emotional outbursts in case of difficulties. And this is a natural reaction in this situation. It can be quite violent: the child begins to get angry, cry, swear, throw things. It is important here to carefully and sensitively monitor so that the child does not find himself too often in such a situation of failure. But, of course, all such situations cannot be avoided. And it is not necessary. Gradually, the child must learn to control himself, calm down, regulate his emotions. During this period, it is important for parents to monitor the situation and assess its appropriateness. If the child's affect (hysteria) is not autumn is strong, or in the case when it comes to some fundamental prohibitions, it can be ignored. Let him learn to understand the word "no", and at the same time to deal with their emotions. If you observe that the child is very upset, you understand that he will not get out of this state himself - he should be reassured or distracted. While defending, however, his position on the prohibited object.

What else happens to a child at this age? The child begins to master and distinguish such properties of objects. like color and shape... Studies show that a child of the 3rd year of life may well assimilate the concept of 5-6 forms, and 8 colors. Try to organize the space of the house so that there are more objects of different colors and shapes around it, name them and show them. Let the child remember.

Notice how your little ones play. If earlier they carried out actions with objects, guided only by their physical properties (rolled round, squeezed soft, knocked hard), and now more and more they use objects for their purposes. Now the child is able and must use the object as an adult requires. Try to facilitate this. Show your child how to use a particular thing or play object correctly, expand his knowledge and understanding of household items.

And, of course, speech. Speech is one of the main achievements of a 2-3 year old child. The child's use of words reaches more than 400 words. Talk more with your baby. Explain to him, tell him. This will not only enrich the child's vocabulary, but also provide him with the much needed emotional contact with his parents.

Until the age of five, all the basic mental processes of a child - attention, memory, thinking - are involuntary. This means that the baby cannot control them at will, he cannot concentrate or remember - he pays attention to what has itself attracted his attention, remembers what is himself remembered. This is the most important feature that determines the nature of the methods and techniques used in working with children under five years of age. A child of 2-3 years old is very emotional, but his emotions are fickle, it is easy to distract him and switch from one emotional state to another. The restoration of emotional balance is facilitated by the so-called rhythmic stimulation - games with an adult, which include rhythmic swaying, tossing, stroking, etc. You will see that these games allow you to solve some problems of the intellectual development of children. A small child learns only what interested him, and only from the person he trusts, because the success of teaching children depends on whether the teacher has an individual contact with each child. That is why it is necessary to pay much attention to the period of adaptation of the child to kindergarten and the establishment of an atmosphere of emotional comfort in the group.

Another important feature of children 2-3 years old is low thresholds of sensory sensitivity and insufficient formation of the mechanisms of physiological self-regulation of the body. The subjective feeling of physical discomfort leads to a sharp decrease in the effectiveness of training. Discomfort can be caused by the fact that the child did not get enough sleep, he is cold or hot, he wants to drink or eat, he has something in pain, he is worried about uncomfortable shoes, an elastic band of tights or trousers, ribbons and elastic bands in his hairstyle, skin irritation from contact with wool, etc. The teacher must be sure that each child is comfortable at a given time and nothing bothers him. Communication is situational and personal in nature: each child needs the individual attention of the teacher, individual contact with him. A child needs an adult primarily as a source of help and protection. This determines the short duration of the proposed forms of education and the fact that all of them allow the teacher to speak a little, but, as it were, with each child individually and are not designed to work with the entire group as a whole. We have already noted the peculiarity that the child will learn only from the adult whom he trusts and sympathizes with.

Learning at this age occurs, in addition to their own practical experience, on the basis of imitation of a pleasant adult. Thus, the child can learn the initial skills of practical comparison, determining the number of objects. At the same time, the child imitates everything that an adult does - both good and bad, and right and wrong. A peer is not yet of particular interest for a child of this age and is often perceived as an object. Children play "side by side, but not together." For each other, children often become sources of negative emotions: another child explores an object that interests me as well; another child has captured the attention of the teacher I love; another child stepped on my foot; he spilled compote on the tablecloth, etc. The thinking of a child of this age is of a visual and effective nature, that is, cognition of the surrounding world occurs in the process of real object manipulations. Accordingly, the leading type of game is the subject-manipulative game. It is very important at this age to support the very motivation of research and knowledge of the surrounding world; This means that an adult must create an interesting developmental environment and provide children with time and freedom of activity in it.

Objective-manipulative play gives rise to such adult types of creative activity as non-objective construction, that is, architecture, design, abstract visual arts. Experience has shown that, under favorable conditions, some children have and retain, under favorable conditions, an interest and the ability to see beauty in a simple combination of color spots and lines, in the sophistication of a design, regardless of whether it resembles a specific real object, whether it can be named as something the usual word. In this sense, some of the children, along with the visual tendency, also demonstrate an expressive tendency in their work - if the teacher does not set as his task to transfer all children to the path of subject-imitating creativity. Such children are characterized by a lesser desire to set the goal of their work in advance, but they have a greater ability to enjoy the creative process and greater freedom in assessing the result, since they are not constrained by the framework of the original plan for creating a subject image. As a summary, let us note the most important psychological characteristics of children of this age from the point of view of learning and development:

• visual-active thinking, the child's intellectual development depends on how rich the developing environment surrounding him is, whether it allows him to variously and meaningfully explore the world around him by manipulating various objects;
• speech is in the stage of formation;
• training is effective only against the background of a psycho-emotional and comfortable state
• attention, thinking, memory is involuntary.

Perhaps someone thinks that the age of a child from 2 to 3 years old is the most difficult, but remember that he is also the most interesting !!!

The main goal of the psychology of upbringing children is the formation of harmony in the process of their development, its correct sequence, the solution of problems associated with the formation of their personal qualities, the development of morality of behavior. The second and third years of life are very special and important for the psychology of upbringing and the further development of little pranksters.

During this period, the active formation of the child's personality begins, which is due to the development of certain character traits, an understanding of the general picture of the surrounding world. At this age there is a realization of individuality, finding your own "I".

A sense of pride, pride develops, there is a desire to prove oneself in front of adults, a desire to be on an equal footing with them.

However, the baby is just beginning his knowledge of the world and the duty of the parents is to provide him with the necessary atmosphere in which a normal, psychologically balanced personality will be brought up.

Parenting features

Raising a child at 2-3 years old has a number of features and is not always pleasant. Parents are faced with many problems that psychology can help solve, but for this it is worthwhile to devote sufficient time to raising your child.

Children who have reached the age of two often show their character, bother adults with their stubbornness, whims, reject their help, throw tantrums, can become almost tyrants in the house. Parents, in turn, cannot understand what is happening with the flowers of their life.

Also at this age, the motor function is actively developing, so they become very active and strive to touch everything to visit everywhere. Adults should be tolerant and sympathetic to this, be flexible in raising their child.

Babies who have turned three begin to feel like a person, however, due to a lack of experience, they do not know how to properly show their individuality, independence, perseverance, in which direction to direct their activity to achieve their goals.

Children during this period should be educated and guided, made to feel on an equal footing with adults, and given due attention to their upbringing.

The tasks of raising and educating children

Raising a child from 2 years old should include a series of actions, which must be done during this difficult period to facilitate, both his life and parents:

• be consistent, provide a certain routine of the day, so that the baby knows what to expect and gets used to it;

• try to avoid stressful situations, not force you to do something against your will, and if necessary, try to get carried away by the process;

• to be able to understand the baby and put yourself in his place, thereby smoothing out sharp corners in his behavior, this can help to avoid many problems;

• use the art of distraction, if the child refuses to do something that the adult requires, you should not force him, it is better to try to distract with something else no less useful;

• in any situation, give time for reflection, actions, words, actions;

• maintain balance and calmness during tantrums, find gentle ways to calm down;

• reward for good behavior, focus on it;

• to be able to compromise, not to demand too much, to know the difference between “necessary” and “not necessary”.

Sensory development children 2-3 years old through didactic games helps to achieve good results. It is aimed at the correct formation of: hearing, sight, taste, smell and touch. Development through such games can be started earlier, but according to the name of psychologists, from 2 to 3 years old, children very quickly grasp new information.

Several examples of didactic games:

1. offer to decorate a sheet of paper with multi-colored patterns according to the proposed pattern;
2. collect a picture from various shapes in accordance with the picture;
3. ask them to find objects that resemble simple geometric shapes.

In all books on psychology, it is advised to start raising independence before 2 years old, this will be the basis for the formation of the baby's personality in the future, especially when the time comes to send him to kindergarten.

Psychology of parenting 2-3 years old tips:

• establishing a daily routine, this will allow the child to be more confident in everything he does;

• to be a good role model, every kid tries to be like his parents, therefore it is very important to behave with dignity, then it will be logical to demand the same from his son or daughter;

• give a correct understanding of what is good and what is bad, giving examples from life, reading children's stories;

• establish simple but clear rules of conduct, explain why they should be followed.

Psychology of boys and girls before and after 2 years of distinction

The development of children at this age has some differences, although the difference is quite small.

Psychology of parenting 2 years and 3 years:

1. Children of two years of age try to learn a lot, scout, touch, go everywhere, parents, in turn, should not interfere with them, they should be helped, given advice, explained everything;

2. In three, a personality is formed, which entails many questions, one should give an exhaustive answer to each, help to learn new things, make one feel on an equal footing with adults, and give the right to choose.

From the point of view of psychology, the upbringing of boys and girls should differ not only because of gender differences, but also because their behavior and development also have their own characteristics from birth.

Raising a boy 2 years old features:

• perceive information through visual perception, so it is better for them to show an example of good behavior than to explain;

• they do not like repetitions in training, for them a fast pace is more effective;

• teach respect for women, explain how to communicate with girls, how to show respect;

• boys are sometimes more emotional than girls, so you should not forbid them to show feelings, even if they are tears, but only if there is a good reason for them;

• more space for games should be given than girls, since they are guided by distant vision, they tend to run, throw objects;

• boys try to stand out more, to be different, this desire can be directed in some direction useful for development;

• they love toys that can be assembled, disassembled and moved, so designers, cars, etc. are more suitable for development.

Raising girls from 2 years old requires a delicate and attentive approach:

• girls perceive information better by ear, so it is better to explain to them than to show;

• cultivate self-esteem and self-respect;

• girls should be treated with more tenderness, as they are more sensitive to bodily sensations;

• in learning, they better perceive the process in stages, they like to re-check their own knowledge;

• prefer beautiful and bright things, girls should buy soft toys, dolls, these things will develop maternal feelings in them, teach them to take care of someone and love.

Moral education - how to educate correctly the advice of a psychologist

Psychology singles out this type of education as extremely important, therefore moral education should start with the first three years of life. In psychology, the main factor in the formation of a child's morality is the formation of good relations with other children and adults.

From an early age, you need to begin to instill respect, sociability, friendly treatment of people, develop empathy, the ability to reckon with others, the need to help others.

Each child adopts the behavior of adults, respectively, the main aspect of good upbringing is the correct behavior of the mother and father in the family.

Difficulties in raising a child 2 - 3 years old

This period is characterized by a crisis of two years of age. There is a sudden change in behavior for the worse. The main feature of this crisis is hysterical behavior: screams, tears, stubbornness, unprecedented aggression.

From the point of view of psychology at this time you should be very careful about raising a child:

1. react calmly, find compromises;
2. during a tantrum, it is better to leave the baby alone in the room for a short time, so that he calms down faster without an audience;
3. explain the reasons for his actions if he objects to them;
4. avoid places where the child can overwork, get hungry, start being capricious;
5. not to force other children to give their toys, at this age the baby does not understand why he should give his favorite things to others;
6. do not scold if the baby is feeling angry, it is better to hug and calm him down.

Any situation and problem during this time should be resolved calmly and amicably. Children, no matter how small they are, always feel love, support, respect, understanding and learn from their parents.

To take or not to take the child to your bed?
Should you take your child to bed with you? This question is asked by many parents ...

Bogdanova N.V.,
child psychologist, psychoanalyst

Crisis of two years

Most babies go through the "no" age at about two years of age. Even those children who were considered real little angels are beginning to look more like stubborn donkeys. How do you respond to such changes in your child's behavior? When is it necessary to be firm, and when is it better to yield?

You ask him to put on a sweater, sit down at the table, stop exploring the electrical outlet, or return the rattle to his eight-month-old brother - with childish stubbornness, your child rejects any requests and demands.

“On the next“ no ”I broke down, my patience ran out - says Larisa, the mother of two-year-old Philip. I only dreamed of the moment when he finally went to bed and I would get a little respite.”

What is the reason for the baby's need to be stubborn? At about two years old, the child begins to realize his integrity, both psychological and physical, he learns to control his natural functions and gets pleasure from owning his body. During this period, he feels that he is no longer one with his mother, that he is a completely separate person. With the help of "no", the baby over and over again asserts his own, completely fresh feeling of "separateness". In order to psychologically separate from the parents, the child must resist them, resisting parental control, instructions and requests. Only by opposing himself to his parents can he set foot on the path of individualization. Of course, sometimes it is difficult to get along with a baby, but you need to remember that this crisis period precedes a new milestone in development. Therefore, it is important to understand how to help the child (and sometimes yourself) go through the crisis without hindering the development of the personality.

Get around the obstacle

Let's put on socks? No, no socks! You should not be stubborn after the child. You, of course, can overthink him, but in fact, by obeying you this time, he will not change his position. True, if you constantly give in, the kid can "overflow the banks", turning into a little tyrant. Of course, it is important for a small child to show his will and feel that he is in control of the situation, but it is equally important to set boundaries so that he learns to measure his desires against the requirements of reality. In order to get out of the next conflict situation with honor, into which the irreconcilable stubbornness of the baby brought you, you need to become a master of distracting maneuvers and lyrical digressions. For example, offer his fingers a game of hide and seek: do they want to hide in their socks so that no one can find them? Draw his attention to something that makes him feel positive: “Will your bear go for a walk with us? He probably needs help getting ready? " Sometimes it is enough to wait five minutes and repeat your request again. Your child's attention will be focused on something else. Use the same strategy if your toddler refuses to leave the playground: "Who can get to the corner of that house faster?" This is a good way to divert your child's attention to something more fun, interesting, or unusual. When a stubborn toddler begins to obey, praise him, because for him this is an obvious effort.

If your child does not heed the request to sit down at the table or start getting ready for bed, if at least a quarter of an hour passes between your persuasion and his consent to action, reassure yourself that this is normal at his age. It is quite difficult for a small child to immediately respond to your request, especially if he is busy with something more interesting than mashed potatoes or a nap. Put yourself in his place. Will you have a desire to interrupt the conversation with your beloved friend in order to go to wash the dishes? Hardly at once. Maybe ten minutes later. For the child, as well as for you, switching from one activity to another is easier and does not cause resistance if he knows about it in advance. "Finish the game on the sly, we'll have lunch in fifteen minutes." If you are going to visit, announce the program to him and add some nice details: “We will go to grandma's. She really wants to see you and treat you to pancakes. " When dressing the baby, tell him how you will get there, remind him of the pancakes, ask how much he can eat: let's count, with honey or with jam? He will not even notice that he is already fully dressed and ready to go.

Of course, there are things about which you need to remain unshakable. The child should know that there are prohibitions and rules that should never be broken. Basically, they should be about security and be very clear. You can't stick your fingers into a power outlet, climb onto a windowsill, or pull the handle out of your mother's hand in the middle of the roadway. When you ask your baby to remove his fingers from the outlet, he must remove them. And if he says no, calmly take his hands away from the cherished goal, there can be no compromises. The kid will certainly try to defend his rights with screams and tears, try not to oppose your position to him, but to calm him down and once again explain what the ban is connected with.

From time to time, give your baby the opportunity to say no, show will and express their desires. The child should know that it is he who wants or does not want something, and by accepting his "no" you will show respect for his needs. Why not let your baby show freedom of choice where it does not threaten his safety and health? In addition, there will be some balance between what you can allow him, and what not.

At the table:"Shall I put you cauliflower?"
At the time of choosing a game:"Do you want to play with cubes?"
Offering him an extra glass of drink:"Would you like some more juice?"
Putting it in front of a choice:"Which sweater do you want to wear in red or blue?"
Provide a choice in the manifestation of feelings:"Do you want to kiss your sister?"

Good afternoon, dear readers! I get a lot of questions about parenting. I constantly emphasize that up to 5 years old, a baby should encounter inhibitions as rarely as possible. Many are beginning to be indignant, believing that I am introducing complete permissiveness ...

I am not at all worried about my youngest son, who will turn two in a few months. I am not worried that until the age of 18 he will not learn the word "no", and will not be able to perceive the prohibitions until retirement. But I hear how many mothers worry about their children ... Therefore, I write on this topic again and again. Today we will talk in more detail about boundaries, and how to raise a child at 2 years old.

So, the child always has prohibitions and boundaries. And in 2 years, and in a year, and even in several months. Another question is how we define these boundaries. Are we shouting ominous "no" or are we showing the prohibitions as gently as possible?

And again I emphasize: everything that I will write about here applies only to kids under 5 years old. At the age of 5-7 years, there is a significant leap in the development of the child. And after this age, the attitude towards prohibitions should change (on the part of the parents). If the parents under the age of 18 do not change anything, and talk with the teenager as with a one-year-old toddler ... Then big problems really begin. But we are talking about toddlers. It is very important!

This terrible permissiveness

How tired I am of responding to outraged comments on my posts, which threaten my children with a terrible future because of our "permissiveness"! I'm tired of it, because almost every post in social networks about my attitude to oil spilled for years or about harmless pranks, there is someone who is “not indifferent”. And every time you have to write the same thing. Sometimes you just want to ignore the comment ... But then I understand that it is important to repeat it. Repeat many times. So that some of the mothers have old stereotypes destroyed.

So, the good news is that your child is not in danger of permissiveness. It is simply impossible to organize it. Impossible. If you are a normal mom, you will not let your baby play with fire, climb out of the window, run along the road, etc. So your child's behavior will have boundaries anyway. And he will begin to master them from birth.

From birth, a child is faced with the fact that life is not always the way it would be desirable. Even if you practice, breastfeed at the first squeak and carry the baby around the clock. From the first months, something is already impossible for the child.

For example, a baby should not be rolled over at the edge of the sofa. If he rolls over like this, he will fall. However, no normal mother will try to convey this to a three-month-old baby.

Imagine a mother waving her finger threateningly in front of such a baby and saying: "Impossible !!" And then, when the child did fall down, she said: “Why don't you obey ?! How naughty you are! Now you will know! I see that you understand everything! You already have smart eyes, and you can pronounce “aha” very well! You understand everything, but you don't obey! Who will grow out of you ?! "

Roughly the same thing happens even when the child is one year old. I wrote about this in the article "". This situation continues in 2 years. And even longer. Although at 2-3 years old, the baby already reacts to many prohibitions. And it seems that he is already so smart ... Reacts to many of your words and prohibitions, but ... Not to everything.

What's wrong with prohibitions?

Until the age of 5-7 years, the child's brain is not yet mature enough for an adequate perception of inhibitions. This does not mean that until the age of 5 you will not utter the word "no" at all. Unfortunately this is not possible. But you need to pronounce this word as rarely as possible.

Our oldest daughter is now almost 4 years old. And she already well knows "no". And even - lo and behold! - in most cases she listens well. But even now, at 4 years old, any prohibitions are difficult for her. And if I start saying "no" often, whims, tantrums and all the signs of overexcitement begin. This is 4 years old! What can we say about a baby of two years old?

In fact, at 1-3 years old, prohibitions are not so scary - the child easily ignores them. At this age, the correct strategy sounds like this: "You cannot scold or scold the kid for not listening."

Children under 5 years old should not be scolded at all. At this age, the kid will never understand that you "love him very much, but are angry at his bad behavior." And the only thing that you will achieve - the child will feel bad and unloved.

How to set boundaries

The parenting strategy is very simple. Extremely simple. If a three month old baby is lying near the edge of the couch - what do you do? That's right, take it and take it to a safe place. And in general, try not to put the baby on the sofa. Similarly, we react to the behavior of a 2-3-year-old toddler.

Of course, it is much more difficult to carry a two-year-old from the edge. But the essence remains the same. And gradually, as it grows, the little one learns to perceive these boundaries.

If the kid grabs something forbidden and dangerous, we select it. Climbs on something too high or fragile - we shoot. Behaves inappropriately - we take it to another place.

Ideally, distract the little one with something more interesting. This is the best you can do. Does not work? Just have mercy. Yes, the year-old will yell, kick and express his protest in every possible way. But you still calmly and lovingly take him from a dangerous place ...

What is important to pay attention to?

• There should be as few bans as possible! Try to remove everything that is forbidden and dangerous where the baby cannot reach.
• When the baby is approaching the forbidden one, you can say softly “no need to take” or something like that. Shake your head. But softly, without threat or aggression.
• Did the kid climb onto the forbidden closet anyway? Calmly shoot it from there. And help him experience the full range of emotions. Help with your compassion, love and patience.
• Gradually, the child will get used to them. Especially if he is already two years old. Gradually, a connection will form in the baby's head: if you climb in, they will still be removed. Therefore, it makes no sense to go there. But this connection will not have an admixture of fear!
• However, from time to time the children "check the boundaries" again. And your task is to react to this again calmly and lovingly.
• If the child nevertheless broke something, got dirty, smashed ... It is not his fault. You didn't keep track of it. It is your responsibility, not his. Therefore, do not scold the child, but yourself.
• And if no one was hurt - and do not scold yourself. Simply wipe up the puddle, clean the closet, or pick up the pieces from the floor. Small troubles are not worth worrying about.

The older the child is, the more likely they are to respond to your verbal warning. And at 3 years old, many children are ready to obey their parents. No shouts and threats! But ... not always. And this, too, must be understood. When a child at 3-4 years old really wants something, he will ignore your requests. Again, your task is not to scold or demand obedience.

How to communicate with a 3-4 year old baby if he does not want to go home, wash his hands or take off his boots at home -. Here you can already try to negotiate. But at 2 years old it still doesn't make sense.

Therefore, if our youngest son starts pouring water from the bath on the floor, I just pull him out of the bath. Throwing food out of a plate? I take the plate. Throwing sand at children in the playground? I take him out of the sandbox. All this can be done calmly, without threats. And the boundaries were met, and my mother remained loving.

Subscribe to new blog articles and repost on social media. I wish you happiness. Until next time!

The second birthday is already over. How fast the baby is growing! By the age of two, he has become quite an adult and has acquired many new skills, which he happily demonstrates. During this period, raising a child will require even more patience, calmness and skill from the parents.

A crisis at 2 years old is manifested by aggression and tantrums

Physical changes

Growth development in a two-year-old child begins to slow down and averages about 10 cm per year. The weight increases by 2.5-3 kg.

1. The proportions of the body change: the growth of the head stops, but the development and extension of the lower limbs begins.
2. The percentage of adipose tissue is reduced, as a result of which the swelling of the cheeks and tummy disappears.
3. The face at two years old loses its roundness, the legs become long and slender.
4. The “pads” on the inner side of the foot disappear.
5. Due to the increase in elasticity in the muscles, the child's body becomes similar to that of an adult.

Skills and abilities

Upon reaching, the child is able to walk independently and gradually masters speech. These two skills are his main achievements. The development of new territories causes huge changes in the physical and mental state of the little person, in addition, his psychology is changing. The energy of forward movement haunts the baby. He needs to see and touch everything.

A child at two years old is already quite independent

The development of mobility will be observed for several more years, and ensuring the possibility of movement is one of the first tasks for parents.

Skills learned at an early age will be remembered forever. At two years old, boys and girls are already capable of:

Formation of speech

At the age of two, there is an active development of the baby's speech. Over the course of a year, his vocabulary increases 10 times. Now the child is able not only to ask questions using a single word, but also to build small sentences. During this period, it is very important to talk more with your fidget, tell stories and fairy tales. And in no case should you distort words, believing that such a language is clearer and simpler.

A child at two years old can not always clearly express his desires in words. We need to be patient, try to listen to him to the end and understand what the baby wants.

Games

Games occupy one of the first places in education. At two years old, many children develop skills in handling pencils, plasticine and watercolors.

To speed up the development of fine motor skills of fingers in children, you can teach your child to draw with a brush or just a finger, dipping it in paint and leaving prints of your little palms on a sheet of Whatman paper attached to the wall of the room.

At two years old, you can play role-playing games with the baby

In the sandbox, girls and boys of two years old are already capable of more than just digging a hole. They will be able to mold Easter cakes if they are taught this, or pave the way for a typewriter. At home, you can try playing with a doll - bathing it, feeding it, putting it to bed. Girls especially love these games. In the course of the game, such qualities as love and care are nurtured. Along the way, ordinary everyday objects are studied: soap, washcloth, towel.

At the age of two, both boys and girls are already able to independently find a way out of a difficult situation. For example, they like to pull a rolling ball out from under a chair, or play hide and seek. You can try to guess simple riddles together. In order to interest children in this useful activity and help them with the answer, it is good to make large drawings depicting an object or animal that needs to be guessed and, in case of difficulty, shown. This is where the development of memory and ingenuity takes place.

But when dealing with a child of two years old, you should always remember that at two years old children cannot perform the same actions for a long time. It is difficult for them to sit in one place for more than half an hour, so all classes should be limited in time.

2-year crisis

Often mothers of children who have reached the age of two notice that changes in the child's behavior suddenly began to occur, and not for the better. If only three months ago he was obedient and fulfilled any requests, now the baby has been replaced. Whims turning into tantrums arise completely unreasonably and several times a day. It is more and more difficult to distract the screaming child, to switch his attention to another object, as it was before.

Tantrums at two years old are common

The psychology of such behavior of a child is defined as a crisis of two years of age.

Behavior during the transition period

Tantrums can manifest themselves in a wide variety of forms. Having decided to satisfy his desire, the child screams loudly, falls sobbing on the floor or begins to beat everyone around him, break and throw toys. The development of the situation is getting out of control. The reasons for this inappropriate behavior are different. To parents, they seem absurd and unworthy of attention, and the requirements are sometimes simply impossible to fulfill.

Tantrum in the store for a toy

For example, entering the store, the kid begins to grab all the toys in a row. Any persuasion, to put everything in place and take only a bear or a typewriter, end in crying, turning into hysterics.

Parents clutch their heads, remember with horror when and where they did not behave the way they should, that they missed them in raising their children. And they do not find an answer.

Reasons for Changing Your Child's Behavior

Explaining such a psychology of behavior of children at two years old is not difficult. At this age, the child begins to feel his independence and he needs to master new relationships with the outside world. If earlier he was one with adults, now it seems to the baby that he will cope with all the tasks himself, and parental education infringes upon his personality. Of course, the desire to be independent should be welcomed and encouraged, but only to the extent that there is no danger to the health of the baby. Tantrums and disobedience of children are costs of the transition period.

Checking the border of what is allowed

From the age of two, children begin to explore the boundaries of what will be allowed. Many parents noticed that it is worth denying the baby some of his wishes, for example, not to turn on the cartoon, since it is time to go to bed, he begins to cry and beat hysterically. It disappears instantly if you turn on the TV.

Negativism in two years

A baby at two years old begins to interact with the outside world and observes the result.

If the reaction to his actions is the same every time, then the memory fixes it as normal. And the next time, trying to achieve what he wants, the child pulls the usual strings in anticipation of the usual result.

Tantrum is a demand for attention

Over time, the baby should feel the resistance of the world around him. If there is no resistance and everything is allowed to him, then something is wrong, there is a danger somewhere.

Arranging a tantrum, the child does not at all expect to receive what is required. He is waiting for the resistance of others, which will assure him of safety.

Crisis resolution

Faced with this behavior of a child, parents begin to look for a solution to the problem. Some close the child in a separate room with instructions to reflect on their behavior, others make it clear that no one is going to console him, and this is where their upbringing ends.

Tips for parents

Many parents do not think of anything better than giving in to the child, if only he would calm down. This is the wrong and dangerous path. Accustomed to screaming, the child will become uncontrollable.

Parents need to establish what is allowed and what, on the contrary, cannot be done, and always follow the accepted rules.

If a crisis situation has arisen, and the baby does not want to fulfill the requests of the elders, you need to calm down and firmly explain why the requirements will not be fulfilled. If the hysteria does not stop, you should not continue the argument, you just need to leave the room. Left alone, the child will quickly calm down and start communicating again.