Few of the children in the first year of their life at least once fell out of bed, playpen, changing table, swing or sofa when parents were distracted or went to another room. A small child is often quite mobile, especially for babies after 6-7 months.

The human body provides mechanisms of protection against all kinds of injuries: newborns are protected by nature from damage to the brain with the help of fontanelles, an excess of cerebrospinal fluid, which absorbs during impacts, so most often the child's fall upside down does not pose a serious danger - this incident causes more worries from parents, which harms the health of the baby.

However, you need to know that after the fall, you will have to watch your child: try to make the child rest more over the next day, avoid active games with him. If the baby is behaving as usual, then there is no reason for concern, it is enough to make a follow-up call to your pediatrician. The task of every responsible parent is to be able to recognize the symptoms in which urgent medical attention is needed, if the offspring fell from a height (even a small one) and hit his head, because a traumatic brain injury is one of the most intractable in clinical practice.

Traumatic brain injury options for any fall from a height

If a baby accidentally falls, there is a small chance of getting a head injury. Keep in mind that not only the place of impact (forehead, temple or back of the head) is essential, but also the degree of negative changes in the brain itself.

Head injuries if a child falls off a table, bed or sofa are classified as:

• open (wounds of the soft integument of the head, damage to bones and adjacent soft tissues);
• closed (there is no violation of the integrity of the tissues of the head and bones of the skull).

In turn, closed craniocerebral injuries are of three types:

• concussion (more in the article:);
• compression (compression) of the brain;
• contusion of the brain.

In most cases, the fall of the baby ends "successfully" - only a slight bruise and fright remain

A concussion of the brain differs in that there is no change in the structure of its substance. The bruise is characterized by the appearance of foci of destruction of the substance, the compression accompanies the bruise when the vessels and fragments of the skull are ruptured.

If your baby accidentally fell from a small height and the blow fell on the head, then he will most likely have the lightest type of injury - soft tissue contusion. Bumps of different sizes, scratches and abrasions are familiar to parents of children of all ages, especially up to 9-12 years old.

What are the symptoms of traumatic brain injury?

The signs of a brain injury are the same for both children and adults:

• fainting or impaired clarity of consciousness;
• Behavior that is materially different from normal
• confusion and incoherence of speech, stuttering;
• drowsiness and lethargy;
• migraine, headache for more than an hour after a stroke;
• convulsions;
• vomiting, especially for children in the first month of life;
• dizziness, lack of coordination;
• numbness in a limb or severe weakness in the arms and legs;
• change in the size of the pupils, their different diameters;
• nose bleed;
• dark or blue spots under the eyes or behind the ears;
• disturbances in perception through the senses - changes in smell, hearing, decreased visual acuity, flies in front of the eyes.

Loss of consciousness, vomiting, bruises around the eyes - these symptoms are objective indicators of traumatic brain injury and require an urgent call for an ambulance

How to assess if there is a brain injury if your toddler has fallen seriously?

If your child falls off a swing, couch, bed, or playpen, the first thing you should do is watch the consequences. The popular domestic pediatrician Komarovsky says that there is no need to take the child to a doctor's appointment and an ultrasound scan if the incident ended only in the crying of the child - this is a common reaction to fear and pain. If the baby is very small, crying lasts more than 10-15 minutes, and the baby's behavior makes you suspicious, it is better to call a doctor. Be safe, because the most serious injuries are craniocerebral injuries.

For children under 1.5 years old, until the large fontanelle has closed, neurosonography is done - this is a simple procedure that does not bring the baby any unpleasant sensations and inconveniences, is done with an ultrasound machine and allows you to diagnose the consequences of a child's fall (for more details, see the article :). Neurosonography determines the presence of hemorrhages and increased intracranial pressure.

First aid for a baby after falling from a height and head injury

• If the baby hit his head and a bump jumped out at the site of the injury, apply refrigerant: a piece of ice wrapped in a thin towel or napkin, or just something cold. Such a popular remedy as magnesia will help to dissolve the hematoma. Take a piece of cheesecloth, cloth, or cotton pad, moisten with magnesium sulfate solution and apply to the bump. Repeat twice a day.
• With bleeding Apply a clean tissue or tissue, cotton swab, or disc moistened with hydrogen peroxide to the wound. When the blood cannot be stopped on its own within 15 minutes, call an ambulance.
• If the child fell on his back and hit the back of his head (more in the article:), do not let him sleep, even if everything happened at night. Only in the waking state can you assess the baby's condition, the adequacy of his behavior, the coherence of speech and coordination. Also, if the injury occurs during the day, wake the child up at night to check on their condition.

Even if the doctor decided not to hospitalize the child and said that there was no need for medication, the mother should carefully monitor the baby's condition

If after the fall you showed the child to the doctor, and he decided that hospitalization and examinations are not needed, you still need to observe the baby's behavior for about a week, regardless of the age of the "patient". Protect your child from noisy games, TV and computer.

How to determine if a child needs an ambulance after falling upside down?

If the child faints after a fall, he has bleeding or vomiting, calling an ambulance is not discussed. Lay the baby on its side before the arrival of the medical team.

Signs that you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible:

• sharp painful pallor of the skin;
• severe dizziness and drowsiness;
• muscle paralysis, numbness of one or more limbs;
• blood in vomit or feces, urine;
• a serious deterioration in the general well-being of your child.

Infants should be monitored at all times. Already at three months, some crumbs can roll over on their own, and at seven - get up and crawl. If a woman loses sight of him even for a minute, the baby may fall. Unfortunately, it is impossible to be completely immune from such a situation. Mom not only watches over the child, but also does housework, answers calls, or opens the front door. This time is quite enough for the child to change his location.

Babies are very mobile, so moms should always be aware of what they need to know about first aid in this case. In addition, the baby can learn to roll over even without the help of parents at the most unexpected moment. Thanks to the spectrum of necessary knowledge, a woman will always be on the alert and will not allow the appearance of an injury in a crumb. A situation in which a baby falls out of bed is dangerous and can lead to serious consequences.

Additionally, it should be noted that the baby can fall not only from the sofa. Safety rules should also be observed if he is in a chair, sled or in a wheelchair. This is a list of the most potentially dangerous places. When a baby begins to walk, he may well stumble and fall on a flat surface. From a minor fall, only bruises appear on the skin, which will go away without additional help in a short time. After the fall, mommy must organize complete rest for the crumbs. Over the next day, it is best to refuse active games and gymnastic exercises. If the baby falls unsuccessfully, then he may develop a head injury.

Special bumpers will protect the child from falls

How do you recognize an injury?

In an infant, the ratio of head-to-body weight is not the same as that of an adult. That is why, when falling, there is a rather high risk of injury to the most important human organ - the brain. In newborns, the risk of head injury after falling is 50%. Parents should understand that even a small fall can lead to severe headaches, noticeable hearing and vision impairment. That is why during the first two years of life it is necessary to try to reduce trauma to zero.

In an infant, not all bones are firmly linked to each other. During the fall, they can move. The defect may well remain for life.

If the baby falls out of bed, the following consequences may indicate the presence of a traumatic brain injury:

• The kid completely loses consciousness for a short period.
• The baby becomes too lethargic and constantly sleeps.
• Sudden change in behavior.
• The head begins to ache and does not spin immediately after the fall. Symptoms usually worsen after two hours.
• Periodic manifestation of seizures.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Obvious signs of weakness in the limbs.
• Different pupil sizes.
• Parents may also notice deterioration in the functioning of the senses.
• A transparent liquid is constantly emitted from the auricle.
• Blue spots appear under the eyes.
• Intermittent bleeding from the nostrils or ears.

If the child has hit his head and has the following symptoms, it is necessary to call an ambulance. In the last three cases, a fracture of the skull is suspected in the baby.

Basic actions of parents when falling

If the baby falls off the couch, then you need to carefully monitor his reaction. On its basis, we can conclude about the intensity of the damage:

If a child fell out of bed and cried for 10 minutes, and then rested, then you should not worry in vain. Most likely, only a small bruise will appear on his head, which will disappear on its own within a short time. A compress made of ice or cold water will help alleviate the baby's condition. If the condition worsens every day, then you can not hesitate. Better to go to the pediatrician's appointment right away.

Parents should be concerned about the situation if the child did not cry immediately. Additionally, he may refuse to eat, be lethargic and sleepy. Irritation is also a symptom of traumatic brain injury. The child should be immediately taken to the hospital for a complete examination. Parents should keep their baby awake. Otherwise, the situation can only get worse.

If, after the fall, the child became calm, and then a bump appeared on his head, soft to the touch, then you should urgently go to the hospital. In this case, the doctor will suspect a brain injury. An unexpected fall, increased breathing and disruption of the cardiovascular system are also considered negative symptoms.

A dislocation of a leg or arm is diagnosed if, after a fall, the baby cannot lean on the limbs. The baby should be taken to an appointment with a traumatologist or pediatrician.

After falling from a height, the child is frightened, therefore, begins to cry actively. After a certain period, he will be able to calm down on his own.

Parents, for their part, should observe him over the next 24 hours. If he shows any signs of malaise, then you should immediately seek the advice of a doctor. He has all the necessary knowledge about the signs of injury, therefore, he will help to recognize the pathology at the first stage of development. Medical assistance must be timely. Otherwise, the risk of serious complications increases. They can occur even if the crumb falls from a small height.

Precautionary measures

Parents must do everything so that the baby cannot fall from any high furniture. It should not be forgotten that it is much easier to prevent a problem than to deal with its consequences later. Mom and Dad should organize an area in which the baby will be as comfortable and safe as possible.

To do this, you must adhere to the following rules:

• A month-old baby should always be under the supervision of the mother. If she needs to turn, then she can slightly hold it with her free hand.
• If necessary, you can take the child with you or put it in a special crib for children. It is allowed to use the arena only with high sides.
• What if the baby can only be left on the couch or chair? In this case, soft pillows should be placed on the floor, which will be used to hedge the crumbs.
• Strollers or highchairs have special straps for additional safety net. With their help, you can securely fix the baby in one place.
• If the baby is already six months old, then the parents can lower him down. During this period, each baby seeks to get to know the world around as much as possible, therefore it becomes very mobile. At the same time, the risk of falling increases. The crumb can only be left in the arena with sides or put a blanket, pillows on the edge of the bed.
• In the process of changing, it is advisable to use a special table. He is not tall, so the baby cannot be injured when falling from him.
• It is best to use the floor for games. However, it should be warm and clean enough. In this case, the baby will not be able to catch a cold or get sick.

It is best for the baby to be in the arena while sleeping.

First aid for falling baby at home

If the baby has fallen face down and has additional signs of serious injury, it is recommended to apply a rag soaked in water to the sore spot. In case of bleeding, the process should be carried out in the same way, only take a dry cloth without contamination. A doctor should be called immediately if the bleeding cannot be stopped for more than 15 minutes. After suffering a shock, the baby should be at rest. However, he cannot sleep for at least another hour. During this period, parents will be able to assess the consequences and extent of the injury.

The birth of a baby, in addition to the joy and delight of the baby's first achievements, also carries a lot of anxiety about him. He has learned to roll over and is trying to crawl, which means there is a danger of falling from a height.

The child fell out of bed

Did your 6 months old baby fall out of bed? A number of the most terrible consequences of such an incident immediately rush through their minds, and many mothers are seized with panic. Did the baby fall out of bed? A similar situation occurs with almost every child, and in most cases, the nerve cells of the family of the little fidget are affected.

This usually happens when a baby learns to crawl and tries to sit up. It is still difficult for the baby to keep balance, he may reach for the toy or simply not calculate the roll from the abdomen to the side, the center of gravity is in the area of ​​the head, which is usually outweighed, the mother does not have time to react, and now the child has already fallen out of bed at 6 months.

In most cases, nothing terrible happens afterwards. Nature has foreseen everything, protecting the baby in the event of a fall from serious consequences. For example, a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid perfectly absorbs shocks.

Of course, there is a danger that the baby fell out of bed and hit his head, but you still should not panic ahead of time.

What to do if a child falls off the couch

Naturally, first of all, the question arises, what to do if the child fell out of bed? It is recommended to pull yourself together and not panic ahead of time.

Calm your baby down and watch him. The first time, about a day, it is necessary to provide him with peace. If he quickly calmed down, his behavior is no different from what it was before the fall, then everything worked out. And the only thing to do, in this case, when the child fell out of the crib, is to continue to be more attentive to the child.

Of course, the situation can not always be resolved so positively. Therefore, it is worth carefully observing the child. Those who are interested in what to do if the baby has fallen out of bed should examine the baby for bruises immediately after the incident. If you notice a bruise or a lump on your head or neck, you need to go to the emergency room. If the baby does not calm down for a long time, go to the clinic too.

The answer to the question of what to do if the baby fell out of bed also contains recommendations on how to prevent this from happening in the future.

Protection against falling out of bed

It is clear that this can happen in any family, we are all human and are not always attentive to our children 24 hours a day. Moreover, mothers are often distracted by everyday worries, and the baby only needs one second to be on the floor. But we can minimize the occurrence of similar situations in the future. To prevent the child from falling out of bed, try to arrange this place as safe as possible for him.

If you know that you have to run for a diaper in another room, or at least for a couple of seconds distract from your baby, put him on the floor, or put him in his crib with high sides, from which you cannot get anywhere. Remember that no matter what cushions and pillows you put as barriers, a playful baby will crawl over them.

If the baby is on the changing table, do not turn away from him for a second. These tables are even more dangerous than adult beds. Because much higher than them. Get someone to help you with powder, a clean diaper, or anything else you need that is not at hand. Better yet, prepare in advance. Do not be distracted by phone calls, remember that the consequences of a fall can be very serious and even tragic.

The consequences of a child falling off the couch

I do not want to frighten anyone with the scary stories that can be when a child falls from a height. But the fact is that not everyone is lucky. And if nothing happens to one baby, he and his mother just get off with fright. Then, in another identical case, the situation may even end in death. Some children are treated for a long time in the clinic, while others may remain disabled for the rest of their lives after falling out of bed. Therefore, you should be as attentive and helpful as possible to your children.

In the first months of life, newborns face many different kinds of dangers. They can, for example, catch an infection by simply walking on the street with their mother. Even at home, where, it would seem, nothing terrible can happen, troubles happen to them.

Rarely does a toddler avoid falls. For this, it is usually enough for a parent to be distracted for literally one minute - and now the baby is on the floor and cries. What to do if the baby suddenly fell off the couch? How can I help him? This article is devoted to this topic.

What to do

First of all, you need to stop panicking. Shouting and hysterics will not help the business, but it is not difficult to aggravate the stress of a child. For this reason, it is necessary to pull yourself together and, having laid the baby on the changing table, conduct an inspection to detect the damage received.

As a rule, the baby falls head down (forehead or face), so maximum attention must be paid to this particular part of the body.

You should search:

• abrasions;
• bruises;
• dissection.

If the landing fails, the infant may lose consciousness. In such a situation, you need to make sure that the baby is breathing. This is easy to do with a pocket mirror - if you bring it to the baby's mouth, it will sweat. You will also need to check for a pulse.

You will need to call an ambulance in a situation where the newborn does not come to his senses for 10-15 seconds. If it is more convenient, then, without delay, take it yourself to a medical institution.

You shouldn't worry when:

• there is no visible damage;
• eyes focus normally on objects;
• no seizures or convulsions.

Here he will be distracted from stress by cartoons, a song, and his favorite toys.

If injury could not be avoided, then the baby needs rest. Better to have someone hold him in a stationary position until the ambulance arrives - you can't do without it.

Small scratches or cuts with abrasions are not difficult to handle yourself. They will heal quickly - in children, the regeneration of the epidermis is very active.

When soft tissues are bruised, swelling is often formed. Anxiety should be caused by edema, which is noticeably increasing in size - it indicates serious damage, which cannot be cured without a medical examination. Apply a cold compress to the injured area as first aid.

Over the next 7 days, you will need to carefully observe whether the baby's behavior has changed after falling to the floor. If you find anything suspicious, do not hesitate and do not hesitate, call a doctor.

First aid

In case of convulsions, you will need to hold the baby's arms along the body until the doctor arrives. If any of the limbs after the fall is twisted in an unnatural way, it must be fixed. In no case should you try to correct it - this, most likely, will lead to additional injuries.

If the baby can already speak, you need to ask him about what happened. In the absence of serious damage, he will easily remember everything. Then it is better to ask him to get to his feet on his own. His inability to fulfill the request of his mother is a reason for an urgent visit to the doctor.

The following signs indicate internal damage:

• cold sweat protrusion;
• blood in urine or feces;
• vomit.

What you need to know about further treatment

If nothing terrible happened, then, most likely, you will be allowed to go home. However, in the following days, one should behave cautiously and carefully observe the offspring - doctors sometimes do not notice problems.

The first week after the fall should be as calm as possible. The child should be kept away from active play, both at home and in the yard. Bed rest for a week should help heal injuries even unnoticed by a doctor.

When there are fears that the child has received a concussion or a skull injury, it is better to undergo an ultrasound or CT scan. Confirmation of the diagnosis requires a comprehensive emergency treatment. The doctor prescribes in this situation certain drugs and sometimes physical education and physiotherapy. With timely action, it is almost always possible to avoid future problems. Only in isolated cases does a concussion at such a young age lead to serious complications.

Traumatic brain injury

It is extremely rare for newborns to have a concussion, in contrast to preschool children. The following symptoms will reveal this kind of damage in a baby:

• prolonged hysteria, which cannot be stopped, despite all the tricks;
• a child who is already able to speak will complain of a severe headache;
• the site of the injury swells noticeably;
• pulse is either slower than normal, or noticeably faster;
• the baby is vomiting or his regurgitation has become more frequent;
• the pupils are too dilated or, conversely, too narrowed;
• coordination of movements is impaired;
• circles appear under the eyes;
• convulsions may appear;
• bleeding from the nose or ears;
• bloody clots in the discharge.

Any of these symptoms is a sufficient reason for seeking medical attention. Complex injuries often lead to a skull fracture or cerebral hemorrhage.

What are the consequences

In most cases, if a child falls on his back, stomach or butt, dangerous injuries can be avoided, unless he landed on an object (for example, on his own toy).

At the same time, head injuries often lead to serious consequences. With inappropriate treatment, they can manifest themselves in the future. These include, in particular:

• slowdown in development;
• Difficulty speaking
• constant sleepiness;
• vomiting and nausea;
• severe migraines;
• bleeding;
• violation of the functions of the organs of perception.

How to avoid falls in the future

As a rule, the child falls down due to the carelessness of the parents. That is, mom and dad need to draw conclusions from this incident and in the future treat their duties more responsibly.

The child develops very quickly, so he can acquire some skills unnoticed by the parents. At a certain moment, he begins, unexpectedly for them, to try to get up on his own feet. Naturally, at first nothing will come of him, and he will most likely fall. For this reason, the baby must always be fastened to the stroller or high chair. The sides of his crib must be kept up.

Just in case, near the sofa where he plays, you should lay a soft rug or put a mat. Also, you should not leave the child on the bed if he falls asleep. Always take him to bed in such cases.

Probably, there is not a single child under the age of one year who would never have been rolled off any horizontal surface. It is impossible to follow the baby 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Even the most diligent mother needs to eat, drink and go to the toilet. And overprotection did not bring any benefit to anyone.

But it is necessary to control so that the child does not fall with serious consequences.

How to prevent injury:

1. First, it is always easier to prevent a problem than to solve it. Therefore, before the baby begins to actively move, and this is the age of 3-4 months, it is necessary to properly organize the space. First of all, from the point of view of functionality, secondly - for the convenience of the mother, and thirdly - for the safety of the child. And only then you can think about beauty, wallpaper color and design. Even the most desirable girl will calmly grow up in a room without pink elephants and balloons. And if the child falls from the designer sofa upside down, it will be bad first of all for his parents.
2. Some authors give mutually exclusive recommendations in order to avoid falling. For example, one article touts the advantages of a changing table, another suggests abandoning it altogether. This is motivated by the fact that if there is no changing table, there is no way to fall off it. This is not quite the right approach. Believe me, the kid will find a place to start from. Therefore, prepare the space so that you have everything at hand. Literally. So that you can reach diapers, powders, creams, sliders and hats with one hand, while holding your baby with the other, no matter where you change him. Personally, I have never had a child fall from the changing table.
3. Always leave the crumb either in a crib with high sides, or in an arena, or on the floor. It must be borne in mind that grown-up children can climb over the side, even if the bottom is lowered to the lowest level. Constant stay in the arena limits the baby's motor activity, and, consequently, the study of the world around him. And we need a smart and developed child.

From three months my children practically lived on the floor. At first I tried to highlight the corner lined with blankets, then I gave up this hopeless venture. Having learned to roll over in both directions, the child moved in rolls throughout the two-room apartment. My job was to keep the floor clean and to keep potentially hazardous items as high as possible. As the children grew, they had to clean up more and more. At some point, I had a desire to make mezzanines around the entire perimeter of the ceiling.

Children's curiosity knows no bounds, and that's great. The task of the parents is not to interfere with the child's knowledge of the world, to make sure that he does not fall into a well or into an enclosure with animals.

Try not to leave a small child on the unfolded sofa, even covered with pillows. It is impossible to imagine the trajectory along which the toddler can manage to get to the edge.

If your child falls off the couch, try not to panic. Nature has laid down many mechanisms that save a growing baby.

What to do if a child falls out of bed?

Dr. Komarovsky says with a fair amount of humor that if a child falls out of bed, it causes general panic, referring to the parents.

In most cases, the fact that a baby falls out of bed does not harm the baby. If the child cries and calms down, after an hour he plays with toys and behaves as usual, you should not take him to the hospital. Try not to play outdoor games. Observe the baby for another two to three days.

If you are a child, you shouldn't panic either.

The head of babies weighs more than all other parts of the body, which is why babies often hit with it. Unclosed fontanelles and a larger amount of cerebrospinal fluid compared to an adult contribute to amortization. In 90% of cases, the brain is not affected.

Nevertheless, if the child fell from the sofa upside down, you must carefully examine him, without making any sudden movements. It is better to put it on top of the tummy without a pillow, so that the back and head are on the same line. Gently turning over, inspect the baby.

When should you worry after being hit?

There are several symptoms to watch out for:

1. The child is lethargic, sleepy.
2. The child cries for more than an hour and does not calm down in his arms. Or cries for a long time periodically, quietly, for several minutes.
3. Different pupils! Very dangerous. Call an ambulance right away.
4. Bruises under the eyes or around the eyes, behind the ears.
5. The child does not coordinate movements. If he already knows how to stand, it is badly worth it. Or staggers about.
6. Does not lean on the leg, or the hand does not work - it cannot take a toy, squeeze your fingers. Possible limb fracture. Immediately to the emergency room.
7. The baby has vomited more than once.
8. Discharge of blood or colorless fluid from the ear or nose - we expect nothing! Go straight to the hospital.
9. If the crumb lost consciousness after the fall.

Being a doctor on duty myself, I really do not like patients who stayed at home all day hoping that it would pass, and at two in the morning they came to the hospital. But in the case of children, it is better to play it safe than to treat the fact that the child fell on his back, carelessly. Therefore, if you have the slightest doubt, call an ambulance and go to the hospital. The displeased face of a sleepy doctor is the lesser evil compared to wasted time.

What should parents do if a child falls and bumps his head?

1. If the child fell and hit his head, a lump swells, apply ice to the injury site before the doctor arrives. Most likely, it is a bruise. If there is no ice in the refrigerator, any cold object will do, even a cloth soaked in running water.
2. If there is a scratch or abrasion at the site of the bruise, treat it with hydrogen peroxide, iodine or brilliant green. Although the effect of greenery is mostly soothing for mom. For the disinfecting properties are minimal, there are zero side effects, but it is immediately clear that they provided assistance. But I do not recommend applying alcohol or alcohol-containing liquids to the wound.

There are different cases in the practice of a pediatrician. The question of the mother, what to do if the TV falls on the child, does not cause bewilderment. It is a pity that medical ethics does not allow advising a dad with straight arms for the correct fixing of the TV. The same goes for the closet.

Although situations when a wardrobe fell on a child or a baby fell into a well is from another opera. Here do not be surprised at the arrival of social workers from the guardianship service. This kind of thing happens more often in dysfunctional families. It is sad when doctors are the first to discover the problem, not neighbors or caregivers.

Your baby is out of the newborn period. Literally. Already got up on his feet and went. How much joy this routine for adults causes! How touching and at the same time awkwardly the baby walks, legs wide apart. Neuropathologists say - walking on a wide basis. The problem is that babies walk unsteadily for a long time, for several months.

If in the first year of life the baby grows almost twice, and in weight it triples, then in the second year the growth and weight gain are much less. This is the time he learns to control his body. At this age, there is a conscious potty training, the child begins to walk upright, learn to jump, run and climb. Mom thinks he is already quite big. But don't forget about safety.

Often it is at this age that the child falls down the stairs. Therefore, hold his hand firmly when descending or ascending. In clothing, prioritize convenience over beauty. Think over your path and day so that you do not have to go shopping or shopping malls with your child. Take a walk in the playgrounds. And postpone escalator rides until an older age. Moreover, it is easier to leave a grown-up child with relatives and go shopping alone.

Supervise your children, because any injury is easier to prevent than to treat the consequences.