Permissible weight for a 5-year-old girl in a backpack. Hygienic requirements for backpacks for student and educational publications

In the days of the USSR, it was a well-known portfolio. He is still there. But satchels and school backpacks began to be made as an alternative to it. However, satchels were also known in tsarist times - look at the paintings of the artists. But then they were forgotten. Cause? Most likely, the fact that the backpacks went Genuine Leather... And it was expensive. And there was little of her in the country. It turned out to be much easier to sew briefcases from cheap leatherette.

But then (in the second half of the twentieth century), doctors sounded the alarm, drawing attention to the fact that carrying heavy briefcases spoils the posture of children. In the course of a rather long discussion, the doctors agreed on a compromise: “give” the briefcase to the high school students, and the junior school students to sew backpacks. They proceeded from the fact that a small weight behind the shoulders of children is even useful, since it makes them not bend forward.

A lot of school backpacks are now sewn - for any, as they say, taste. But there was a problem that the physicians arguing about did not even know. Modern textbooks are now thicker than the old ones. Therefore, it is harder. There are more of them according to the program. In addition, a second shoe has become compulsory for school attendance. There is a special section for her in the backpack. Lunches that have risen in price in the school canteen are forcing parents to refuse to contribute money for them and to equip the child in a plastic bag with a lunch made of homemade products.

As a result, it turns out that the weight of the backpack is about four kilograms! And this despite the fact that doctors recommend that parents provide their child with a lower weight: for girls - up to two kilograms, for boys - half a kilogram more. I wonder if the weight of the backpack itself is taken into account?

Although school backpacks are sewn in two categories (for girls and for boys), they differ only in color, but not in weight! And if the "extra" 200-300 grams of weight for a boy are permissible up to the recommended two and a half kilograms, then for a girl this is a noticeable load on the back. Obviously, girls' backpacks should be more compact, made of lighter materials. But the standard, alas, is the same.

The question has become very relevant: how to reduce the weight of a backpack for first graders to the one recommended by doctors? There are several ways. First of all, when buying, be guided by the weight and size of the backpack. There is no point in purchasing a backpack made of heavy materials. Of course, it is quite acceptable for older children, but taking a first grader “for growth” means not thinking about his health. Only an orthopedic back made of dense material should be relatively heavy in a backpack. For example, cardboard or thin plastic. Everything else is light in weight.

It is imperative to buy a backpack with its fitting on a child in the store itself. If the straps of the backpack are not adjustable, it forces the child to hold them with his hands from slipping, such a backpack is clearly not suitable. Try on with a weighted weight (here you can use any other books and objects instead of textbooks).

Pay particular attention to the second shoes that your child will need to take with them to school. It should fit freely into the knapsack, be light and comfortable.

How to further reduce the weight of the backpack? Of course, it is advisable to deposit money for meals in the school cafeteria. It's hot and fresh there. But if this is not possible, only light food should be put in the backpack.

And one more important piece of advice. From the very first days of school, ask the child to agree with a partner (companion) who and what textbooks one by one brings to classes from home. The nuance here is that often in the lesson there is no need to have two identical textbooks on the table - one, open on the right page, is quite enough.

Parents of schoolchildren sometimes have a vague idea of ​​the requirements that a portfolio must meet. But everyone's guessing the main points. “Bright, lightweight, with reflective elements. This is exactly what I was looking for for my daughter, who will go to first grade this year, ”said a realtor, a resident of the Maryino metropolitan area. - But in general, it was not I who chose, but the daughter, what she liked was taken. I, of course, first of all looked at the price - it cost about 3 thousand rubles, but how much the portfolio weighs, I did not look. Kind of easy. My daughter also chose a pencil case and other necessary items. "

Meanwhile to the choice schoolbag must be taken seriously if parents want their child to have correct posture. For this, special norms have been developed, which are spelled out in the laws of the Russian Federation "On consumer protection", "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population." In addition, textbooks are checked for compliance with sanitary regulations. And portfolios must necessarily comply with the technical regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of products intended for children and adolescents." Here, not only the indicators of sanitary-chemical and toxicological safety of materials are monitored, but also the dimensions, weight and design of the bag. Parents can independently check the latest parameters.

First of all, you need to check if the portfolio has markings containing information about the age of the buyer.

“The weight of portfolios, school bags and similar products should be no more than 700 g for primary school students and no more than 1 kg for middle and high school students,” Russia said.

Therefore, if the store offers backpacks for first-graders and at the same time cannot accurately name the weight of the backpack, it is worth looking for the product elsewhere.

Then you need to examine the back of the knapsack. “Portfolios for junior schoolchildren should be equipped with a form-stable back, which ensures its full fit to the student's back and even distribution of weight,” Rospotrebnadzor explained. However, recently it is difficult to find school bags with a soft and thin back.

To clarify other parameters of the portfolio, you need a centimeter. Its height should be 30-36 cm, the height of the front wall should be 22-26 cm, the width should be from 6 to 10 cm, and the length of the shoulder strap should be at least 60-70 cm with a width of 3.5-4 cm in the upper part, moreover, it should be like this for 40 cm.

Rospotrebnadzor told about the trick on how to calculate the optimal weight of a filled schoolbag.

“The calculation of the ratio of the weight of the backpack to the weight of the child is used as an indicative test to verify that the weight of the backpack with textbooks and exercise books complies with the regulatory requirements. The optimal ratio is 1:10. This approach also takes into account the individual capabilities of the child, ”the department explained.

According to the norms, the weight of a daily set of textbooks and writing utensils should be no more than 1.5 kg for students in grades 1 and 2, for grades 3-4 - no more than 2 kg, for grades 5-6 - no more than 2.5 kg, for grades 7-8 - no more than 3.5 kg, and for grades 9-11 - no more than 4 kg.

The school textbooks officially approved by the commission already meet the standards. Therefore, you can calculate in your head, without weighing exactly how many kilograms a student will have to carry on his back. Textbooks for grades 1-4 weigh 300 g, for grades 5-6 a book will weigh 400 g. A textbook for grades 7-9 will weigh up to half a kilo, and for grades 10 and 11 - 600 g ...

Of course, we must not forget about the reflective details on the front, side surfaces and the top flap. In the dark, the child will be visible to passing cars. In addition, bright and contrasting colors are also preferred, says Rospotrebnadzor.

If parents have additional questions related to the contents of the school portfolio, then from August 24 to September 6, Rospotrebnadzor specialists are ready to answer them together with the Association of enterprises of the children's goods industry. Each region of Russia has its own “ hot line».

The Ministry of Education has been talking for several years about the need to reduce the weight of the school portfolio. For this, it is planned to switch to new electronic textbooks, which will appear in schools this year.

As the Minister of Education previously emphasized, there is no talk of a complete replacement of ordinary paper textbooks with electronic ones, but their introduction will help relieve the satchel. Meanwhile, since January 1 of this year, all school textbooks included in the federal list of textbooks have been transferred to the electronic version. The content of the textbook in electronic form must correspond to the printed version and supplement it with multimedia and interactive elements.

“The innovation of 2015-2016 is electronic textbooks. Starting September 1, schools may have electronic versions of textbooks for each version of a paper textbook. Which textbook to choose - electronic or paper, or both at the same time, you decide first of all - educational institutions, teachers, students and parents ”, - quotes the First Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Natalia Tretyak. spoke on August 21 in Novosibirsk at the Congress of Educators of the Novosibirsk Region.

Electronic textbooks appeared in some schools in Moscow five years ago. And this year it is planned to create in 28 schools digital libraries within the framework of the "School of New Technologies" program, according to the administrations of the metropolitan areas with reference to the head of the direction of informatization of education of the Moscow Department of Information Technologies Maria Kosse.

It is a platform for electronic educational materials, where textbooks, anthologies and fiction are placed.

Last year 6 schools tested it, this year 28 more schools will join. “Also in December, we plan to open access to the platform of electronic educational materials for everyone: students, teachers, parents,” said Cosse at an IT seminar at the Moscow Department of Education.

According to her, there is an increase in the performance of schoolchildren in the capital, and those who used electronic textbooks and books made a breakthrough. Their academic performance increased by 10%, says Cosse. “Other technical innovations are being added to electronic educational materials in schools, for example, interactive whiteboards that can be integrated with electronic diaries, the project“ Electronic Map in Education ”and the library,” the administration explained.

Educators are responsible for children's health

Interestingly, the "school" luggage depends significantly on the backpack itself. Simple "pulls" for 400-500 g. With orthopedic inserts - much heavier: 700-800 g and more. So think, parents, which portfolio to buy for a child - heavy, but with an even back, or soft, but light?

The responsibility for maintaining health in the educational institution is borne by the head, as well as, within the limits of their official duties, the school staff, explains Galina Konopin, a hygienist of the Grodno zonal CGE. By the way, for the heavy backpacks of schoolchildren, the specialists of the sanitary station fined four heads of Grodno schools for 5-8 basic ones last academic year.

It is important that the "advantage" is considered only by school supplies... Total weight does not include telephone, personal care products, and other optional items for training. The check of backpacks in the Grodno gymnasium No. 7 last year showed that there are a lot of unnecessary items in the backpacks that are not related to studies.

In lower grades, children take toys to school. High school girls' backpacks are heavier from cosmetics and perfumes by almost a kilogram. Parents and teachers should monitor what the child puts in the backpack and in what quantity. But a survey of acquaintances of schoolchildren's parents showed that fathers and mothers do not know how much a child's backpack should weigh. According to Galina Konopin, this information is always available at a school, sanitary station or hospital.

How to reduce portfolio weight?

The education department of the regional executive committee believes that all the necessary standards of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health are observed in schools. The smallest, first-graders, are “beneficiaries”: they leave books at school. If heavyweight backpacks appear in the classroom, children are advised to carry books in half with a neighbor on the desk. This decision can be made by teachers, parents and students. A compromise will help to keep the health of children, and studying proccess do not break.

A heavy school backpack, which a child wears on one shoulder, can provoke a curvature of the spine and back pain, - warns the head of the pediatric department No. 1 of the children's polyclinic No. 1 Alina Polyakova.

According to her, last year 3.3% of Grodno schoolchildren had posture disorders. The doctor sees the cause of childhood scoliosis in the wrong posture in the classroom and at home. If a teacher monitors the posture at school, then parents are obliged to do this at home. The table for the student should be inclined, the legs when sitting should be bent 90 degrees, the feet should be flat on the floor, the back should be with a string, and from the eyes to the book - at least 45 centimeters.

Help "VG"

According to sanitary norms and rules, the mass of a daily set of textbooks with writing materials for first and second graders should not exceed 1.5 kg (2.1 with a backpack). Maximum weight for 3-4 class - 2 kg (2.6 with a backpack), for 5-6 - 2.5 kg (up to 3.5 with a backpack), for 7-8 classes - 3 kg (4 with a backpack). The heaviest load for high school students is up to 3.5 kg (4.5 with a backpack). An empty backpack should weigh no more than 600-700 grams for primary school students and up to 1 kg for middle and senior classes, informed Galina Konopin, a hygienist of the Grodno zonal CGE. There are also unspoken norms according to which the weight of a school backpack with contents should not exceed 10% of the child's weight.

When purchasing a knapsack or backpack, you need to consider a few basic points: size, weight, anatomical shape, construction, fit, strength, practicality, quality of the materials used and their safety. The advantage should be given to those options in which the load is evenly distributed over the entire shoulder girdle. This will maintain the symmetrical position of the child's body and free his hands. Compliance with these rules is preventive measure from a number of diseases like scoliosis, osteochondrosis and hernia formation.

When choosing, you must observe the following recommendations:

- Choose a knapsack / backpack with a rigid orthopedic back, which has a special frame, which should be rigid, evenly distributing weight and pressure on the spine and to maintain the child's back in a straight position without deforming the spine;

- The straps should be wide and made of material that is pleasant to the touch so that they do not cut into the child's shoulders from the weight. The handles should be adjustable in length, and the child should wear it only on two straps on the back, so as not to put pressure on the child's lower back and neck;

- The size and weight of the backpack should be appropriate for the child's height and age. A school backpack without contents should weigh no more than 1 kilogram. The weight of a schoolbag with all its contents should be a maximum of 10% of the total weight of a child whose physical indicators of development correspond to their age according to the norms, for example:

1-3 classes - up to 1.5-2 kg;

Grades 4-5 - up to 2-2.5 kg;

6-7 grades - up to 3-3.5 kg;

8-11 (12) classes - up to 4-4.5 kg.

At the same time, the contents of the backpack are important. Often these are heavy textbooks, the weight of which should not exceed: 300 grams for students in grades 1-4, 400 grams for grades 5-6, 500 grams for grades 7-9 and 600 grams for grades 10-12.

“The sanitary and epidemiological examination of school textbooks is carried out annually. So, in the period 2014-2017, a sanitary and epidemiological examination of more than 2,100 school textbooks and accessories was carried out. In 2017, according to the results of 86 studies, the weight of two samples (publishing house Almaty Kitap Baspasy LLP, Almaty) did not meet the requirements of the Hygienic Standards (the textbook "Russian language" for grade 1 with Kazakh language of instruction - weight 402 g with a norm of 300 g; textbook "Kazakh tili" for grade 1 with Russian language of instruction - weight 424 g with a norm of 300 g). And also when checking the publishing house of Almaty Kitap Baspasy LLP it was found that the sanitary-epidemiological examination on the samples of the above textbooks has not been carried out and there is no expert opinion on them, "Zhandarbek Bekshin said.

As a result of the violations revealed, the publishing house Almaty kitap baspasy was issued an order to eliminate violations in the field of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, an administrative case was initiated and the materials were sent for consideration to a specialized inter-district administrative court of Almaty. By order of the court, Almaty Kitap Baspasy LLP was brought to administrative responsibility in the form of a fine in the amount of 453,800 tenge with the suspension of commission trading for a period of 1 month.

To solve problems excess weight in children's portfolios, in 2017, a project was launched to provide each student with an individual wardrobe for storing textbooks, removable shoes and sports accessories. “Such measures were taken after a joint discussion of the deputy group headed by E. Bekturganov with the Ministry of Education and Science and specialists of the Committee for the Protection of Public Health. These measures are necessary to prevent diseases of the musculoskeletal system among children, ”explained Zhandarbek Bekshin.

Also, when choosing a backpack, do not forget that in addition to the above requirements, it must be as safe as possible. Pay attention to details such as reflective inserts, which are essential for the child's safety on the road. It will be easier for drivers to spot your child when crossing the road at night or in poorly lit areas.

The Public Health Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan urges to remember about the presence of sanitary rules and hygienic standards when scheduling, organizing educational process, food, rest regime, school clothes, educational publications, the choice of a portfolio (knapsack), as well as with the daily filling of the knapsack. Keeping children and adolescents healthy, as well as achieving academic success, is in your hands!

As a reminder, the Public Health Committee will have a hotline at 8/7172 / 74-18-64 for the period of preparation and operation of schools during the academic year, where you can apply with a complaint orally or in writing if facts of inconsistency in the preparation of schools for a new academic year (in the event of an emergency), as well as violations of the sanitary and technical, hygienic maintenance of schools, the quality of catering and the educational process.

The use of school bags for transferring books, notebooks required teaching aids more expedient than various kinds of bags, briefcases, etc. Carrying books and other school supplies in a knapsack on your back contributes to an even distribution of the load, forms the correct posture, and frees your hands. Moreover, it does not hinder the work of the respiratory system, the circulatory system.

The teacher, in cooperation with the parents, can give advice on the choice of a backpack for textbooks and school supplies.

These recommendations are reflected in the new SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Conditions and Organization of Education in General Education Institutions" (Appendix 1), as well as in the Unified Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Goods Subject to Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.

The weight of a backpack without textbooks for students in grades 1-4 should be no more than 700 grams. In this case, the knapsack should have wide straps (4 - 4.5 cm) and sufficient form stability, ensuring its snug fit to the student's back and uniform weight distribution. The material used for the manufacture of knapsacks should be lightweight, durable, with a water-repellent coating, easy to clean.

The backpack can have two compartments or one compartment with a pocket or insert: the main one, - for books and notebooks, smaller, - for pens, pencils, etc. points of attachment of the handle. At the bottom of the belts, a device is needed that allows you to change their length in accordance with the growth of the child and the nature of the clothes. One of the belts should have a connector to facilitate putting on and taking off the backpack. Buckles or other devices for changing the length of the belts should be fastened to the bottom of the backpack to avoid injury or damage to clothing.

Weight requirements for textbooks and writing utensils are also included in the new rules (paragraph 10.32). The weight of a daily set of textbooks and writing utensils should not exceed: for students in grades 1-2 - more than 1.5 kg, 3-4 grades - more than 2 kg, 5-6 - more than 2.5 kg, 7 -8th - more than 3.5 kg, 9-11th - more than 4.0 kg.

In accordance with SanPin 2.4.7.1166-22.4.7. " Hygiene requirements to educational publications for general and vocational primary education ", the weight of each publication should not be more than:

• 300 gr. - for grades 1-4
• 400 gr. - for grades 5-6
• 500 gr. - for grades 7-9
• 600 gr. - for grades 10-11

The weight of publications for grades 1-4, intended for work only in the classroom, should not exceed 500 grams. It is allowed to increase the weight of publications by no more than 10%.