DIY embroidery using ethnic motives. Various cross stitch: patterns and ornaments, patterns Patterns of patterns for embroidery

Each nationality has an individual expression of its culture. But absolutely everyone has their own distinctive ornaments, symbols and patterns.

Geometric images - squares, rhombuses, triangles - are widespread in the art of Ancient Egypt

This is not only about traditional Slavic embroidery and weaving. Indians, African tribes, Celts - all have their own authentic culture, which has survived in the form of schemes and symbols to this day.

Africa - rich colors and a variety of patterns that are very pleasing to the eye

Embroidery as a talisman

The art of embroidery is especially popular today.

Embroidery has long been loved in all corners of the world

This is a real original decor.

Embroidery is a very interesting, albeit laborious, occupation, which, like any creative activity, needs to be given in full

With its help, you can decorate not only clothes, but also home textiles, create unique accessories.

Embroidery is an important part of building space and creating an atmosphere in the home.

Today, many craftswomen, creating decor, regard work only as creativity.

Interior items decorated with embroidery give not only individuality to the home, but also fill it with warmth

But our ancestors believed that embroidery, namely, each of its elements, is symbolic.

Among the many types of Russian folk art embroidery has always occupied an important place

Whole paintings were not only decor, but also a valuable family amulet.

Over the course of several centuries, the Slavic people have developed certain techniques for performing embroidery, the nature of the ornament and its color

The mother prepared the dowry for her daughter with her own hands. It was believed that embroidering clothes, tablecloths or bedding, she endowed them with special properties that protect against the evil eye, envious people, diseases and defilement.

Dowry chest for the bride
By old traditions Russian weddings, the bride's dowry included many different things that began to be collected long before the wedding

The guard ornaments or patterns were not chosen by chance. Each single color, the combination of shades, symbols and interweaving in patterns had their own magical meaning, designed to protect against troubles and bring well-being to the house. The location of the drawing was also considered important.

In the past, the size of the dowry largely determined the popularity of the bride.

Today there are schemes thanks to which you can decorate the interior, accessories, jewelry, clothes, create whole masterpieces, both in the cross-stitch technique and in satin stitch.

Modern products decorated with Ukrainian folk embroidery are beautiful and original

Symbolism of images

Before choosing patterns, ornaments and patterns for embroidery, you should remember that this is not just a decor.

Patterns appeared at the same time as the first sprouts of art and culture.

Each symbol and their combination carries one or another meaning. The most popular elements and combinations are as follows:

• Red and orange cross stitch motifs protect love from betrayal.
• The symbol of a horse or rooster, woven into the ornament, with black or red threads, provides protection for children from the evil eye.
• Symbolic patterns in a combination of blue and gold brought good luck in business.
• Embroidery in black in Russia helped young girls to get pregnant. Another meaning is fertility and a bountiful harvest.
• Folk motives in green are a symbol of spring, youth and femininity.

Collection of floral and geometric patterns for embroidery

There is a strict rule: the amulet embroidery should be done without knots. So she will not break the connection with her host!

Embroidery "Guardian of the hearth"

It was believed that cross-stitch embroidery absorbed prayer and became the strongest amulet for a person.

Embroidery "Amulet for a man"

Such handicraft even today carries a mystery, since each of its elements also has a symbolic meaning:

• The cross is opposed to darkness, evil and darkness.

Cross

• Svarga (brace) is a symbol of the Sun.

Svarga

• The circle (wheel) is generous luck.

Circle

• Rouge (eight-pointed star) is a sign of life.

Rouge

• Rhombus (square) - sown field.

Diamond-shaped ornament

• The tree is a symbol of long life.

The tree of Life

These are by no means all the symbols and motives that make up ethno patterns and embroidery ornaments. If they are present in embroidered product, which means that it has great power of the amulet.

Patterns for embroidery and knitting

Today, in retail outlets, shops or on the vast Internet, you can find ready-made decor, as well as the most different schemes for embroidery or knitting, in order to create a decor of something with your own hands. You can read about how to make embroidery with your own hands.

To complete the embroidery, you will need a fabric for cross stitching, threads of the desired color, a hoop. Before starting work, you should determine the number of cells in width and length, mark them with a pencil and prepare a canvas. For convenience, you can mark every 10 cells. Next, the canvas is pulled over the hoop and proceeds to embroidery.

The scheme for embroidery of a monochrome heart

Before embroidering, markings are made on the fabric. 1 0x10 for convenience. The embroidery is done in two threads from top to bottom. No knots should be left, the edges of the thread are closed with stitches (crosses). The thread is secured on the right side, the stitches can be vertical or horizontal. The scheme is as follows: first, the required number of diagonal stitches are performed in one direction, and then we similarly move in the opposite direction. It is important to be careful on the seamy side, because the fabric is thin, and irregularities and imperfections can show through.

Pillow with monochrome embroidery in the shape of a heart

• Norwegian ethnic jacquard ... Such motifs in ethno knitting style are basic.

Norwegian snowflake pattern

Lazy jacquard pattern performed with knitting needles. When knitting one row, threads of two or more colors are used. The pattern in the Scandinavian ethno style is knitted in satin stitch using counting patterns that illustrate the seamy side and front side. The front row is counted from right to left, the purl row is counted from left to right. When knitting, the main and additional thread is used, so all loops are not pulled together by broaches.

On the basis of "lazy jacquard" you can create interesting things in the ethnic Scandinavian style.

Today you can find a variety of patterns for knitting or embroidery in ethnic style. Such a national ornament, geometric patterns or floral motives will be able to decorate any wardrobe item or textile accessory in the interior. Authentic ethnic motives are always out fashion trends... This is a classic and creative in one bottle, originality and a tribute to folk culture.

Jacquard without broaches

Cross-stitch

Cross-stitching is possible not only for various pictures. Embroidered ornaments of different nations and various patterns are striking in their beauty. Cross stitch patterns and ornaments - the scheme can be of different sizes. There are both small and large images.

Cross-stitching of patterns and ornaments on various topics can be found on household items and clothing. Patterns can be very diverse: various flowers, fruits, berries, insects, herbs, there is no limit to imagination.

The embroidery located along the edge is called a border, it can be:

• Monochrome - performed in one color scheme;
• Multicolor - has a combination of different colors;
• Narrow;
• Wide;
• Average.

Even various shapes can serve as patterns. Cross-stitch ornaments have a hidden meaning, indicate national identity. Russian ornaments consist of geometric shapes and straight stripes along the edge of the fabric or combine different patterns.

Ornaments of Belarus are distinguished by embroidery in red and white. Slavic ornaments carry the history of the peoples of Russia and Ukraine.

The colors in the ornament have their own meaning:

• The color of the earth is black;
• The color of purity is white;
• The symbol of love is red;
• Blue is the color of health;
• Yellow is a symbol of wealth;
• Respawn color is green.

By appearance Slavic women could be found out whether she is married, what wealth in her family, in what area she lives. Some ornaments can be found at exhibitions of national costumes.

Cross stitch pattern: Celtic peoples ornament

The ornaments of the Celtic peoples are ancient symbols. Various intertwined patterns are connected into a single chain, reminiscent of a labyrinth. Ornaments that carry meaning, usually black and white, are charms that give goodness, health and fortitude. The secrets of some of them have not been solved. The pattern of cross stitch ornament can be downloaded from the Internet by choosing free ones. To open embroideries in the HSD format, you need an additional special program, you can watch a video tutorial to learn how to work with it.

Celtic ornaments are different:

• Celtic cross - bestows wisdom, saves from dark forces;
• Butterfly is a symbol of life, change;
• Heart - unites the union of loving hearts;
• Spirals are a symbol of eternity, infinity;
• The tree of life denotes parallel life;
• Shamrock - brings good luck.

A simple embroidered ornament will serve as a talisman. If you need to make a beautiful picture, then you can pick up an 8x7 centimeters pattern with a Celtic motif and embroider it in any theme. Place the pattern as a separate symbol in the picture in black and white and combine it with the scheme of the image you like.

Various cross-stitch ornaments embroidered on fabrics

The main purpose of embroidery is to decorate household items or clothing. Cross-stitch ornaments are best embroidered on natural fabrics For example, linen is ideal as a base. Ornaments are used to decorate towels, napkins, curtains, pillows, as well as items of clothing.

The color scheme is different:

• Geometric patterns are used to decorate the work;
• It is better to decorate towels with multicolor ornaments;
• It is better to decorate clothes with an openwork border;
• On a tablecloth or napkin, a pattern of weaving of various berries and herbs looks good.

You can pick up a colorful pattern with insects or animals and decorate children's clothes with them. Costumes for national holidays decorated with ornaments will not be overlooked.

Geometric patterns of ornaments: cross stitch

Geometric cross-stitch patterns are found in the national dress of several nations. Towels for rituals are decorated with patterns, designs are created from a combination of various shapes. A narrow ornament is a repetition of groups of embroidery elements in a certain sequence.

Geometric folk ornament It has:

• Points collected in one element;
• Various circular shapes;
• Lines of various kinks;
• Compositions from triangles;
• There are crosses in some details;
• Rhombuses and squares of different sizes.

Ribbon patterns are made with a strip along the edge or in the middle of the product, the surface is completely filled with a mesh ornament, and the rosette one decorates the middle, separated into a rhombus or square. The main motif of geometric ornaments is a rhombus with various weaves and its division by diagonals. In fact, there are a lot of embroidery patterns for such ornaments. Colors play an important role in embroidery.

In different republics, their own color or its combination is adopted for embroidery of ornaments. And the ratio of the figures of the ornament determines its belonging to different peoples.

Unique cross stitch: patterns and ornaments, patterns (video)

The study of the history of patterns and ornaments is very fascinating, very interesting embroideries and patterns allow you to create a unique work. It is easy to decorate the canvases of various objects for every taste. Embroidery will bring great joy, you can do the work as a gift or decorate it with your favorite tablecloth.

Since ancient times in Russia, on every utensil, on every clothing, as well as houses, various elements and symbols were depicted, which formed patterns. Each detail had its own meaning and place. This is how Russian was formed folk pattern.

Historical information about the Russian folk pattern

It should be understood that there are two terms - pattern and ornament. And it was not originally the same thing. Even now, not every pattern can be called an ornament. For example, if it is a constantly repeating pattern (rapport).

In Russia, it was believed that the pattern is much deeper, it means more. The word ornament is borrowed from Latin, and it appeared much later and denotes decoration. In Russia, he had an analogue - "adornments". It was believed that it was intended for decoration of decorative stylization. However, in the future, these two concepts were intertwined and began to complement each other.

The Russian folk pattern is a collection of various lines, symbols, and other elements that can either be repeated or be in a single version. Patterns may vary from location to location. So, in the eastern regions of Russia in the pattern you can find such an element as "Indian cucumber", which is still popular today.

Also, each area had its own color range patterns and ornaments.

Signs and symbols in the Russian pattern

If we consider the Russian folk pattern from the point of view of symbolism, then we can say that not a single element is depicted there for no reason. Each has its own meaning and is in its place.

The most popular symbols in the pattern are:

• Star Alatyr, or, as it is also called, the cross of Svarog. It has eight petals and symbolizes the Universe, its folding and unfolding cycles.
• The symbol of Beregini (Rozhanitsa) is also very popular. This is a schematic representation of a woman who protects.
• A very significant symbol is which is sometimes also called the World Tree. It unites in itself the world axis, the universe and the genus.
• Everyone knows During the time of Hitler, the swastika became a symbol of war and fascism, but initially this was not at all the case.
• Also popular is the Orepey symbol, which is a comb-shaped rhombus. This symbol brings happiness, balance and peace of mind.
• In addition, flowers, stars, spirals and other symbols are used in patterns and ornaments, each of which carries a certain meaning, enhancing the positive and protective energy of a person.

In addition to the above elements, there are many others. In addition, almost all patterns of the scheme are quite diverse. One and the same symbol can be depicted in different ways, while retaining, however, common features and lines. This is how whole protective phrases arise, as well as small stories or conspiracies.

The sacred meaning of the pattern

You should know that the same symbol, but depicted in different parts clothes, could have different meaning... For example, the Orepei sign, depicted in the elbow zone on women's clothing, denoted an ancestor. If he was depicted on the hem, then he was the entrance to the other world.

The ancient gods who moved in chariots were also symbolically depicted. They were harnessed to various animals that personified a particular deity.

Some Russian patterns (photo below) carried a certain code in their numerical repetition. So, the following numbers were important:

• three (Absolute, Trinity, time, space);
• four (cardinal points, seasons);
• seven (symbol of harmony);
• twelve.

In such patterns and ornaments, the attitude towards the mother nature of our ancestors is also manifested. With their images, they seemed to ask her for protection and patronage from various evils, troubles and misfortunes.

Where are Russian folk patterns used?

The use of patterns is quite varied. They are used in towels, napkins, for painting utensils, houses, for wood carving, metal. In the old days, not a single object was left without a drawing.

Russian patterns (there is a photo of them in our review) is not only the beauty of the object, but also the protection, the amulet of its owner. It is known that even before the emergence of writing, people already depicted various symbols (diamonds, lines, dots) on utensils.

The difference in patterns in different regions

Each region of Russia has its own history of painting, embroidery, patterns and ornaments. Consider the Russian folk pattern (pictures of some will be presented below) for some types and areas:

• Gzhel painting - blue and white colors are characteristic in drawings that are made on ceramic, porcelain items;
• painting, which the village of Zhostovo is famous for, on metal trays;
• very interesting Khokhloma painting various patterns, it is characterized by a golden color (there are also red, yellow and orange);
• in addition, in many regions they made their own, special toys (Dymkovo, Kargopol, Stary Oskolskaya), each of which had its own, unique pattern in the painting;
• also very famous are Pavlovo Posad shawls, which are made in red and black colors, with floral patterns.

And this is not even all the famous crafts where the Russian folk pattern is used.

The most ancient patterns

The most ancient patterns include a set of various signs, which in the old days had a special meaning and were not simply applied to any product. Each family had its own set of embroideries, paintings, which were passed down from generation to generation. They even have a special meaning for the family, be its own symbol. Of course, knowledge was lost over time.

Ancient Russian patterns breathe on us with mystery, the power of amulets, the meaning of each curl or sign.

Now many people collect similar images that make sense.

How to start drawing Russian folk patterns

Now people are increasingly turning to our heritage of ancestors, wishing to revive the lost traditions. For example, many people are wondering how to draw a Russian pattern. Where do you start?

First, you should understand that in Russia there are many painting techniques, embroidery, which have their own characteristics. For beginners, patterns should be taken that are not very complex, having a repeating pattern. This will make it easier to grasp its very essence.

Before drawing itself, you need to practice with its simple components: dots, lines, strokes, droplets, loops, etc. In fact, the most difficult pattern consists of the above details. Of these simple forms after some time of training, it will be possible to create more complex ones.

In order to understand how to draw a Russian pattern, one should not rush. Some forms can really seem complex, but you need to remember that they are all made up of simple ones. First lay out the repeating pattern into the details, start drawing it from the lightest and most basic, for example, a point. Gradually draw other shapes around it, and so at the very end you can get your finished pattern. Take a look at the photo below, which shows all the stages of drawing. And make sure that this process is not so difficult.

Thus, you can learn how to create ornaments and patterns yourself. In principle, you can take it already ready-made schemes, and then transfer them to the surface.

Using patterns on household items

Also, patterns and ornaments in ancient times were performed on household items, For example, in Russia, a six-petal rosette was depicted on salt shakers. This had a symbolic meaning. This rosette denoted the sun, and salt was considered associated with it. Also, her image was often found on spinning wheels, as a symbol of endless time.

In addition to the symbolic painting of utensils, there was also a simple decoration product. Of course, it did not appear immediately, and the technique has been developed over the years.

It should be noted that some patterns, the schemes of which are quite complex, are still made by craftsmen. This, for example, is the Khokhloma painting, which looks very beautiful and rich. However, its manufacture is rather complicated and multi-stage.

Using patterns in embroidery

Russian embroidery in Russia traditionally not only decorates clothes, towels, bedspreads and other linen products, but is also a talisman. The interweaving of patterns is by no means accidental. All symbols are in place.

In addition, the color of the thread that is used matters in the embroidery. Let's consider some points:

• to protect the baby, an embroidered rooster or horse in red or black colors is suitable;
• for successful activities, embroidery should be done in blue or golden-green colors;
• woolen embroidery is suitable if there are already some energy holes, it is done in the area of ​​a person's chakras;
• flax is used to pacify, they embroider trees, birds, stars or the sun;
• for women in embroidery, you need to use black to protect yourself from infertility;
• for men - green (protects from wounds), blue (protects from the elements).

In addition, symbols are also used in embroidery - a cross (barrier and protection from evil), a star (heavenly fire), a circle (signifies fertility, abundance and motherhood) and others.

Thus, Russian embroidery is a whole set of knowledge that our ancestors used in ancient times, protecting themselves, relatives and their family.

The use of patterns on clothes in the old days

Probably the most famous application of pattern and ornament is even the most ignorant person in this matter will recognize this embroidery. However, the colors and patterns again differ by region.

For example, the farther south the area, the brighter the clothes people had. This was due to the fact that earlier the paint was of natural origin, and the warmer it was, the greater the variety in the possibilities of producing it.

If we talk about men's and women's clothing, then the first had almost no differences in the regions, except perhaps preferences in color and pattern. And here women's clothing was quite varied and varied considerably.

Also, embroidery of various animal figurines was very popular in the northern part of Russia. But the southern ones had more colored embroidery (often red).

The use of Russian folk patterns in modern clothes

The Russian folk pattern on clothes periodically returns to fashion. Famous fashion designers release collections with folk motifs (for example, in 1976 the Russian Collection from Yves Saint Laurent).

In our time, Russian patterns have long been a priority for true connoisseurs. In addition to colorful traditional ones, they use bright floral (or other folk) prints. I recall the old patterns that the craftswomen embroider on clothes for their family and friends. You can also certainly order similar clothes for yourself, if you wish.

Also popular are products that have long earned recognition for both quality and style (for example, Pavlovo Posad shawls).

Thus, the Russian pattern simply cannot disappear into oblivion. His influence on the people is undeniable, this is his legacy, and one day he will rightfully take his rightful place in the hearts of people. After all, ancient Russian patterns truly carry the harmony and beauty that was known to our ancestors. It is also our story, which should not be forgotten.

Today we will talk about patterns and motifs that needlewomen use for cross stitching. I use them in different fields, embroidering individual small elements on clothes or filling large canvases with a cross for pillowcases or napkins. Let's talk about some types of patterns.

The earliest cross stitch patterns originated in Ancient Rus... Slavic motifs were embroidered on clothes, headdresses, towels and interior items. The characteristic drawing of Slavic patterns cannot be confused with anything else. It is still used to decorate costumes, wedding tablecloths and towels. Also, Slavic patterns are used for embroidery of Russian amulets, which are embroidered according to special patterns and have a strict meaning.

The basis for folk embroidery the cross is natural woven fabrics such as linen. You can embroider on it without pulling the threads, since the pattern of the interlacing of the flax threads can serve as the basis for work. Usually, needlewomen embroider Slavic patterns through two threads.

For embroidery, floss threads are most often used, most often in four threads. Both matte and silk threads are used. Very often, Slavic motives suggest the presence of red. Embroidered birds, animals, plants are also typical for folk embroidery.

Most of the patterns are embroidered using the full cross technique, they are also used for some elements of the pattern and other seams.

Geometric patterns

To decorate their work, embroiderers often use schemes with simple geometric patterns.

For embroidery of towels and decoration of towels, more complex and multi-colored patterns are used. They can be combined in different variations, getting a unique and combined pattern. Also, a geometric ornament is used in clothing and interior elements.

There are special patterns consisting of geometric shapes for embroidering pillowcases. If you choose bright color combinations for embroidery of such a pattern, then refresh the interior of any room.

If you are cross-stitching a geometric pattern in the form of a border or a track, then you can pick up a fabric with a coarse weave of thread. In this case, you can embroider without canvas.

Choose any cotton thread, the main thing is the excellent quality of the material. If you embroider on canvas # 14, then the thread folds in half, # 11 - three times. And when embroidering on the fabric, choose the embroidery step and thread thickness yourself empirically.

Any small picture or postcard you embroidered can be framed with a geometric pattern frame. It can be either narrow or wide, rectangular, round or oval. The scheme that you will use should fit in size to the main picture - the frame should not be too close to the picture and not too wide.

Almost all geometric ornaments embroidered with a full cross.

Flower patterns

Sometimes, in order to decorate a towel or make embroidery on clothes, a more delicate and colorful border is required than with a geometric pattern. In this case, the needlewoman embroiders floral ornaments.

They can be both the simplest two-color and complex and multi-colored. Of course, the more colors you use, the higher the complexity and painstaking work.

The choice of the base for embroidery and the thickness of the thread also depends on the pattern. For the simplest designs, you can use regular fabric and in this case embroider by counting the threads on the fabric. A cross is obtained on linen through two or three threads, and a floss thread in three or four folds. It all depends on the thickness of the fabric.

A more complex pattern looks nice on a small canvas, for example No. 16 or 18. The thread is folded in half to make the pattern brighter. Most often, the full cross technique is used, but other techniques can be used depending on the level of complexity of the embroidery.

Sometimes a beautiful floral border is enough to decorate a pillowcase or napkin. An openwork branch curling along the edge looks gentle and elegant.

Floral ornament

Such an openwork branch can also be on a napkin, tablecloth or cushion cover. Or maybe on clothes, for example, on women's blouse or children's shirt. There are very different patterns for cross stitching, divided by complexity and type of pattern. Two-color patterns are considered the easiest to embroider. Their drawing is simple, you won't get confused in the colors and it is embroidered quickly, because the canvas for it is taken large.

The floral pattern can be embroidered on canvas No. 11 or 14. The thread is used in two and three folds. For simple schemes embroiderers use only a full cross; for more complex ones, incomplete cross techniques and connecting stitches can be used for embroidering vines.

The threads and fabrics are chosen of natural origin, you can also embroider on silk fabrics, but in this case, the pattern must be applied to the fabric in a printing house.

Childrens pattern

For children's paintings and embroidery bed linen and curtains are very often used for children's patterns. The embroidery pattern can be anything: toys, pencils, items of clothing and shoes, nipples and bottles, bows, butterflies, hearts and many more different motives.

Young mothers are happy to decorate children's clothes and embroider paintings for the children's bedroom. And with the help of children's patterns, you can decorate a photo frame or embroider a baby's birthday card.

Both the fabric and the threads that you use to work depend on the embroidery patterns. It is advisable to choose several motifs for edging of the same height and width, so that they are connected together in a continuous round dance or a small train.

You can take a large canvas to decorate the pictures, it is not necessary white... If you are not going to embroider the background, then choose a canvas that matches the color of the wallpaper or curtains of the children's room.

And for a children's postcard or a towel, you can take natural linen and embroider a narrow canvas consisting of children's patterns.

Choose threads of a natural composition: matte or silk. Choose from Gamma thread sets, which include spools of thread different colors and shades, 15-20 in a set. Bright color and the casting of threads will make children's embroidery very expressive and festive.

Choose the patterns for embroidery that you like, embroider for your pleasure and for the joy of your loved ones. Make gifts to yourself or to your loved ones, embroidered pleasant little things will save your energy and give joy to others.