How to make your own paper pen. Master class: Feathers from threads

You are in Bird outline coloring pages. The coloring that you are looking at is described by our visitors as follows "" Here you will find many online coloring pages. You can download Bird Outlines coloring pages and print them for free. As known creative pursuits play a huge role in the development of the child. They activate mental activity, form aesthetic taste and instill a love for art. The process of coloring pictures on the theme of the contours of birds develops fine motor skills, perseverance and accuracy, helps to learn more about the world around, introduces the whole variety of colors and shades. Every day we add new free coloring pages for boys and girls to our website, which you can color online or download and print. Convenient catalog, compiled by categories, will make your search easier the desired picture, and a large selection of coloring pages will allow you to find a new one every day interesting topic for coloring.

They will help to put interesting multi-colored paper feathers. They are not only relatively easy to create, but also relatively cheap.

To make feathers, you will need the following materials and tools: sturdy wrapping kraft paper, scissors, glue, wire, tape, or duct tape, paint.

Step 1. Cut out a blank in the form of a folded paper oval from kraft paper. Round the oval at the bottom and narrow its top a little, repeating and imitating the shape of natural bird feathers.

Step 2. Without expanding the resulting feather blank, make small oblique cuts on it, close to each other, without cutting a certain distance to the middle of the oval.

Step 3. Roll a thin tube out of a thin narrow strip of kraft paper.

Step 4. Wrap the cut wire (the length of the wire is calculated as follows: add ½ part to the length of the workpiece) by about 1/3 with a tube of wrapping paper, fix securely with glue.

Step 5. Glue the wire prepared in the previous step to the feather blank, as shown in the photo.

If the selected wire is fixed with great effort or difficulty, does not stick, then use small strips of tape to stretch and fix it. Wait until the glue is completely dry, remove the "auxiliary" strips of adhesive tape.

After the feather is dry, bend it and paint it in any color you choose, if desired.

Coloring tip: it is better if you color not finished paper nibs, but craft paper at the initial, preparatory stage.

Arrange ready-made fancy light feathers in your chosen dish (for example, in a vase or lay on a plate), add as an additional impressive element to the composition, decorate your Easter festive table.

A delicate and weightless do-it-yourself feather made of paper looks almost as good as a real feather. Paper feathers are widely used in the design of postcards, gift wrapping, large feathers are collected in original bouquets and placed in vases, feather garlands are made ... I think every craftswoman will find a worthy use for this original decor.

To make feathers you will need:

Thin but thick enough cardboard, printed design paper or even the thinnest rice paper - the choice of paper directly depends on the further use of the pen;
- Scissors with fine and sharp blades or stationery knife and a ruler;
- Wooden skewer or metal knitting needle;
- Pen template;
- Paints, glue, glitter and other decoration for decoration (optional).

To get started, prepare a template for the future pen - use the ready-made templates below, or draw your own, then carefully cut it out. Lay out the pen template on the selected paper and using a wooden skewer or knitting needle, transfer the contours of the pen, pushing the outlines (the contours of the template can also be transferred to paper with a simple pencil, but in this case, the finished pen will not turn out to be a very beautiful outline).

Carefully cut the feather along the sagging contour. If your feather has a more or less even shape, bend the workpiece in half lengthwise, press the fold with pressure with a skewer or knitting needle, and without unbending the workpiece, make very frequent cuts along the edge, not reaching the fold of about 1-2 mm, depending on the size of the feather. If your feather is curved, push the central shaft of the feather with a skewer or knitting needle and then make frequent symmetrical cuts along both edges.
To obtain very thin, maximally realistic cuts, it is recommended to make them under the ruler with a blade.

Optionally, after completing the cuts, the feathers are decorated with sparkles, small beads or tinted with paint.

All photos were found on the Internet, all copyright logos are preserved. I propose to consider photographs without the name of the author as folk. If you know the name of the author of an unsigned work - write in the comments and in the near future I will definitely sign his work.

Bulky paper birds can become an original decoration.
In addition, the bird is hollow and you can put a small thing in it and give it to your loved ones!
you will need:
- Printer,
- hot glue gun or fast drying glue,
- two sheets of medium-weight paper,
- scissors.

Print out the details of the bird and cut it out neatly.


The sequence of assembling a paper bird, look at the video:

Advice:
If you cut parts from thick cardboard, then in the future they can be reused as a template.

Martin

See how you can make such a cute swallow out of paper:
It will take black, white and red colored paper, glue, stapler, scissors.

Let's get started.

First you need to cut out the details shown in the figure from colored paper.


Now let's take a small strip of black paper - this is the future head of the swallow. We will fold it with a ring and fasten it with a stapler. The big black stripe is the future torso of the forked-tailed bird. We will fold it and fasten it with a stapler, as shown in the figure.

Then we glue the "shirt-front" of white paper to the body and head of the swallow. Do not confuse: the shorter piece is towards the head, and the longer piece is towards the body.

connect the head and body of the bird with glue or a stapler.
The next step is to glue the wings to the body.

Then we will arrange the head of the swallow - glue the eyes. They can be purchased at a sewing supply store or simply glue together from larger white paper circles and smaller black circles.

It remains to glue the beak. Take the remaining diamond-shaped piece of red paper, fold it in half and glue it to the bird's head.

Our wonderful paper craft ready! It was not difficult to make it. Children will be happy to play with this swallow, and in the process of making it they will learn how to make with their own hands voluminous crafts from paper.


Paper swallow - costume element

Volumetric birds

These birds will consist of the same elements - body, head, tail, beak and eyes.
First you need to prepare strips of certain sizes, depending on which part of the bird they will be used for.
So, for the body you need 5 paper strips 2.5 cm wide and the following lengths - 7.5; 10; 12.5; fifteen; 17.5 cm.
For the head, two strips of the same width, the lengths of which are 6.25 and 8.75 cm,
and for the beak, the strip should be 5 cm long.
For the tail, you need to prepare 5 strips, 3.75 cm wide, the length of which will be 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; 15 cm.
You should also cut out two circles, 1 cm in diameter - these will be the eyes of the bird.
Bird out paper strips can be made as follows:
workpieces for the body should be twisted into a circle and the ends glued. Then put all the circles inside each other and glue at the base.
Until it dries completely, it is better to fix the bonding place with a clothespin.
Similar actions should be done with blanks for the head.
When both parts of the bird are ready, you need to connect them and start making the tail.
The tail strips should be triangular with scissors and the wide ends curled slightly.
Next, lay the parts on top of each other and glue them on the narrow side, and then attach to the body.
The beak and eyes remained.
To make the first, you need to fold the strip in half, then bend the corners from the side of the bend and fold them inward.
The eyes are made by winding a small circle around the tip of a toothpick until a ball is obtained. Now you need to attach the last two parts to the corresponding places - and the craft is ready.

Bluebird from egg

Wash and dry the egg thoroughly.
Then make a hole on both sides with a thin needle and "blow" the contents into the bowl.
Next, the egg must be given Blue colour- this will be the body of the bird.
This can be done using both special paint and watercolors.
When the workpiece is dry, it should be placed horizontally and the wings should be glued to the “back”, and the tail should be glued to the back.
To make these parts, you will need strips of blue chiffon or mesh fabric.
The beak needs to be cut out of yellow paper and glued to the appropriate place, as well as draw two eyes with black paint.
Thread the fishing line through the holes in the egg made earlier and tie the ends together - this will allow you to place children's crafts in a conspicuous place.
Birds made from eggs by your children can decorate any room in the house.

Instructions

Take scissors and start cutting small neat fringes along the edge of each feather, forming the silhouette of a real feather from the roundness of the blanks.

Trim the feathers so that one part is slightly larger than the other - when you place one colored feather on top of the second, the multicolored fringe will pop out from under the contrasting shade.

Thoroughly coat one of the feathers with glue, glue the second feather on it so that the fringe looks as voluminous and two-colored as possible, press the feathers together and dry the glue.

Glue the prepared stalk to the front of the upper feather, so that one end of it sticks out freely from the lower border of the feather, and the other end does not reach the upper part of the feather. This will make your work look realistic.

You can make many of these feathers and decorate with them the interior, the festive table, make original gift or use as a design solution in your creative projects.

Beautiful handwriting has been appreciated at all times. Happy owners calligraphic handwriting could get jobs out of reach of those who write poorly. And even now, when an ordinary pen is gradually replaced by a computer keyboard, beautiful handwriting has not lost its significance. Close people are pleased to receive a message written in your own hand. And you still have to fill in various documents by hand quite regularly.

You will need

  • - recipes;
  • - fountain pen;
  • - ball pen;
  • - paper in a ruler and in a cage.

Instructions

Assess your handwriting and identify deficiencies. Be honest with yourself when it comes to whether it is legible enough, and whether you write their elements exactly. Also think about what handwriting you would like. You may need to master new letter elements. It is better to do this right away, there is absolutely no need to retrain several times.

Teaching calligraphy is not much different from teaching a first grader to write. Get your copy. They can be bought either from and. Try the same sequence as previously taught. Take care of the correct posture. Sit up straight, lay the sheet slightly obliquely, take the correct pencil.

Write a few lines of script in a sharp, simple pencil. Imagine that you are just learning to write. Try to write all elements evenly, accurately observing proportions and slopes. If you are in control of the process, one or two pencil writing sessions will suffice.

Write a few lines with a box pen and plain ink. Start with letter elements, then write all letters, lowercase and uppercase. If you want to decorate your future handwriting with some curls on uppercase letters ah, master them now. The most important thing is to write evenly, observing the slope and pressure. The height of the letters should also be even, so first write the recipe in two lines.

Try writing something on a checkered sheet. Try to keep the letters roughly 2/3 of the square. Do not let the vertical stripes confuse you, write the letters with the slope that you have chosen for yourself. Pay close attention to letter heights and pressure.

Having mastered the letter on sheets in a cage, go to a notebook in one line. Try to respect the height of the letters, it is in beautiful handwriting is about 1/3 of the distance between the rulers or slightly more. The height of the uppercase letters almost reaches the ruler above.

Switch to a ballpoint or gel pen. Follow the same rules as when working with a pencil and fountain pens. The beautiful pressure characteristic of fountain pens is less noticeable when working with a ballpoint, but you still need to do it. Beautiful letters are obtained only if your movements are correct and accurate.

Switch to a ballpoint pen and monitor the process. Try not to stare at the notebook all the time. Think for a while about the content of the text, not how it will look on the sheet. Then see what you get. If you stopped paying close attention to how you write, and the letters still turn out to be smooth and beautiful, then everything is in order. If, being distracted, you stop writing correctly, you need to carefully monitor the lessons for some time.

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Useful advice

An adult who doesn't need to learn everything anew can do without intermediate stages. Write some formulas in pencil to understand the sequence of movements and learn how to measure efforts. Then you can go directly to the ballpoint pen. But in this case, you need to more strictly control the movement.

Related article

No one can tell exactly when ink was invented. It can be argued that ink appeared much earlier than people learned to write.

How ink was done before

The first ink was used for drawing. The oldest ink is soot. She was painted on the walls of caves, on the human body, on papyrus.
At first, carbon black was used as a dry powder, then they began to dissolve in water. This solution served as the prototype for today's ink.

Soot does not dissolve well in water; after drying, it does not adhere well to the carrier. Therefore, instead of water, they began to use oil. The quality of the ink was improved: the oil adhered well to the media, drawing and writing became clearer, they last longer.
Different nations in different times used their ingredients. Our ancestors dissolved the powder of dried and ground acorns in linseed oil, the growths on the leaves - galls, which therefore began to be called ink nuts.

Later, colored ink was invented. To obtain red ink, ferrous sulfate was added to the oil. When the demand for ink increased and they began to be made in the factory, color inks from synthetic materials appeared.

How ink is made today

It would seem that today ink is irrelevant. But this is not the case. Ink is still widely used in inkjet printers, ballpoint, gel, capillary pens. Important documents and diplomas are signed in ink. Designers and artists work with ink. Ink seals and stamps are placed on documents.

Technologies change, so do requirements. Like ancient ink, modern ink is composed of a solvent: water, alcohol, glycerin, ethanol; coloring matter: fuchsin, indigo and indigo carmine, ferrous sulfate. Modifiers are added to modern ink that improve their properties - wettability, drying speed, viscosity. These are polyhydric alcohols, sugar, dextrins, latex. Preservatives are intended to preserve for a long time the ink itself, the inscriptions and drawings made by them: oxalic acid, ethanol, sulfacylin.

Depending on how the ink is, there are many requirements for it. Basic requirements: excellent wettability with the carrier and nonwettability with the nib; preservation of color and saturation when storing documents in the light; absorbency; drying speed, resistance to water and solvents; the possibility of mixing to obtain shades; constantly decreasing cost.

curious

Until now, the mystery of the ink of the Mongol monks has not been solved. They knew how to make pearlescent, ruby, sapphire ink.

In Rome, red ink first appeared at the beginning new era... They were so rare, only the emperor could have red ink.

Ink from all types of pens, including ballpoint pens, flows out by gravity. Consequently, they cannot be used during space flight in a state of weightlessness. American scientists have long struggled to improve pens for astronauts. Our compatriots did a simpler thing and provided the astronauts with ... simple pencils.

Tip 4: What birds feathers were used for writing in the past

History suggests that the development of writing would have been impossible without the use of bird feathers. Moreover, the feather of not every bird was suitable for writing, but only certain species of waterfowl and non-waterfowl.

Waterfowl

Among waterfowl, swan and goose feathers were most valued, although duck feathers were also used. The feathers of the left wing of a goose were considered suitable for right-handers. Flight feathers were used, and from one goose only about ten elements were suitable. Why was the goose feather considered the most valuable? Unlike other birds, a goose feather is a hollow rod that has a porous base. This allowed the hand to hold it firmly. Thanks to the inclined cut of the nib with a knife, the porous interior was exposed, which absorbed ink well. This made it possible to dip it into the inkwell less often. Also, the tip of the feather was moderately soft, due to which it retained its shape longer, which saved the owner from frequent sharpening.

For all these properties to be useful, it was necessary to prepare the pen for writing. For this, one outer feather or five feathers of the left wing was pulled out from a young and healthy goose. After that, it was necessary to cut off part of the beard so that it was convenient to grasp the rod. However, it was too early to use writing instruments. An important stage is the digestion of the feather in alkali for about fifteen minutes. This made it possible to degrease it well. The process did not end there - it was necessary to harden the feather dried after the previous stage. For this, hot sand was used, the temperature of which did not exceed 65 degrees. The pen could be used after sharpening the tip - for this they took an ordinary penknife.

Goose feathers had certain drawbacks. For example, the writing speed with their use was slow. They also made a loud noise and creak. The slightest inaccuracy resulted in ink splatter. It was impossible to press hard on the pen, otherwise its tip quickly unrolled and grinded. With a regular feather, it lasted no more than a week, after which it was sharpened.

The quill pen is considered a symbol of poetry and literary creativity. It was used for a very long time, until the end of the eighteenth century. The famous A.S. Pushkin wrote great works and portraits with a quill pen. Studies have shown that there were over fifty portrait sketches created in this way. As you can see, the great poet appreciated the quill as good remedy writing.

Other birds

Not only waterfowl feathers were used. In principle, any bird feather that was of a suitable size and normal tubular structure could be used. Some calligraphers prized black grouse feathers. They could also use the feathers of a hawk, ostrich, peacock, raven.

By the way, even in the nineteenth century in Russia, it was bird feathers that were used, but the process of preparing feathers for writing was not trusted by many writers. Good, high-quality feathers were even given to each other as a sign of respect and special affection.

Tip 5: How and from what were the ink pens made?

Since ancient times, people have tried to preserve their knowledge for posterity. So the letter was invented. The first accessories were triangular pointed sticks made of wood, bone or bronze and raw clay tablets. These planks were burned, thereby giving them strength. Records on them are usually called cuneiform. Now they are exhibits in historical museums.


IN Ancient Rome citizens used codes - wax books. They wrote on them with the help of sharpened metal sticks - stylus. When the recording was no longer needed, it was erased, and the wax was replaced.

The Anglo-Saxons are the inventors of the parchment. It was from him that handwritten books began to be made. They became the prototype of modern printed products. But writing on paper with a stylus was extremely difficult, so a new invention was invented - a specially sharpened bird's pen.

They took them, as a rule, from geese. This is due to the fact that the feathers of this bird have thicker walls, which increases the life of the feather. They are also larger, which means it is more convenient to hold and work with them. Later, composite writing utensils appeared, the elements of which were the feather of any rare bird, the spacer - the holder and the writing end. These tools can be considered the progenitors of fountain pens. They wrote with them until the 18th century.

Steel nibs and ballpoint pens

Over time, when people learned to handle metal quite skillfully, steel feathers began to be created. For the first time their appearance was recorded in Germany in 1748. However, it was inconvenient to write with them, as they splashed ink, which made the text unreadable.

In 1792, the Englishman D. Perry solved this problem by using a longitudinal slot in the nib. She retained the ink inside herself, did not allow them to spray in different directions. This improved the quality of the writing. At the beginning of the 19th century, steel nibs began to be produced in large quantities. Over time, they replaced the usual birds and existed until the 1950s of the last century.

In the middle of the 20th century, a ballpoint pen was invented. At first, it was used mainly by the military, but over time they gained great popularity. In the 1960s, the Japanese invented a felt-tipped pen. It had a porous rod that was impregnated with an alcohol-based or nitro-based liquid. Later these pens became known as.